tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33270228260000660752024-03-08T06:44:04.620-08:00Things to write a paper onSchoolarship Essay Topicstheresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-27008089033600290012020-08-24T19:04:00.001-07:002020-08-24T19:04:07.586-07:00The Simple Things free essay sampleInquisitive peruser, I can reveal to you this, no inclination can contrast with resting in a shore, sand at your back, cool water at your feet, old buddies at your sides, a beverage and music by your head, and a blue, bright sky on top. Individuals state itââ¬â¢s the straightforward things that issue; I totally concur. In Puerto Rico, there is maybe no less complex indulgence than reveling on a summerââ¬â¢s day at the sea shore. Sooner or later in each Puerto Ricans life (and I do mean everybodyââ¬â¢s), they experience a phase where heading off to the sea shore is done routinely for some time and afterward it stops. Maybe itââ¬â¢s the legacy we offer or some type of aggregate awareness that prompts this inquisitive social attribute, whichever way this isn't the point, inquisitive peruser. I recollect my youth sea shore at the Caribe Hilton: an impeccably rock-less shore, water so clear and wonderfully turquoise that I could see myself reflected in it, encompassed by vacat ioner and locals tanning. We will compose a custom article test on The Simple Things or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The sea shore had been truly made with a stone boundary to square waves and the sand had been adjusted to make the shore all the more level. There were eateries a couple of steps away and servers holding up available to your no matter what to present to you a chilly refreshment. It was an ideal, post card commendable scene. Growing up I would go there with my folks and my sister on innumerable summer days. That was during my first sea shore routine stage. In any case, time passed by and I gradually quit getting a charge out of that sea shore. Different interests occupied me and the memory shuddered away. A long time passed by, and I was very much engrossed. I earned my dark belt in Tae Kwon Do gladly at 15 years old. I voyaged unremittingly with my folks to more than 47 nations, widening my enthusiasm for different societies and simultaneously stimulating my adoration for mine. Gradually I started to build up an enthusiasm for music figuring out how to play the bass and it, thus, loo ked into me, showing me and invigorating in me one of the less normal of scholarly interests; an anomaly of the faculties. Aching for encounters I turned into a Boy Scout and learned priceless information being presented to different societies going to national and global world scout celebrations. Being an understudy to both a Puerto Rican congressperson and a congressman of Maryland I picked up understanding into life. My perspective on the world extended as I got more established. One summer day, and I don't remember how the conditions arrived at be, I wound up heading off to the sea shore with my companions. I didn't go to the Caribe Hilton. I went to Ocean Park, its rough shore excessively swarmed with individuals, the ââ¬Å"less sophisticatedâ⬠locals, a sea shore were a genuine café is a mile away and there is nothing of the sort as a lifeguard. You wonââ¬â¢t see a solitary visitor there and there is particularly no stone boundary to obstruct the waves. It was anothe r spot for me. I was there for a brief timeframe however the visit was sufficient to start my second sea shore routine stage. After seven days I went to the Caribe Hilton with my family. As I remained at the sea shore in the Caribe Hilton, with the warm sun kissing my skin, seeing myself reflected in the lovely turquoise water a lot of like in my adolescence, I understood I favored the Ocean Park sea shore. I had out developed the Caribe Hilton sea shore. In considering an incredible occasions I understood what had happened numerous years prior. I began to appreciate less the Caribe Hilton as my character formed into something other than what's expected, digressing ceaselessly from the man made shores and the stone wave breakers. That wasnââ¬â¢t me any longer. I favored the rough shore on the grounds that thatââ¬â¢s how life is-itââ¬â¢s not going to be a simple street. I favored the packed sea shore since they were all various individuals much like the various societies I h ad figured out how to cherish through my movements. I favored the sea shore where I will go on an experience to get to the genuine café. I had developed and I had come to acknowledge regardless of whether I didn't have any acquaintance with it at that point, I didn't need life to be simpler; I simply needed it to be more straightforward. Inquisitive peruser, some time or another I might possibly come back to the ââ¬Å"fakeâ⬠sea shore at the Caribe Hilton. In the event that I donââ¬â¢t, I know itââ¬â¢s in light of the fact that I despite everything like to jump into new encounters, to take the street less voyaged, and to yearn for new information. It implies I despite everything incline toward the straightforward things. theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-50631202712785412512020-08-22T01:59:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:59:20.667-07:00Are tall buildings necessary for London to remain a competitive world cAre tall structures fundamental for London to stay a serious world city? On February 10, 2004 civic chairman of London Ken Livingstone presented the London Plan, the primary proactive system in more than thirty years to manage the arranging and advancement of London. Since an expansion in London's populace by 800,000 is normal constantly 2020 , the chairman has recommended the development of tall structures as the technique well on the way to empower London to develop in a controlled and consistent way and keep up its status as a world city. A key piece of the arrangement, the chairman's proposition for high-thickness towers all through the city, has increased the discussion between urban organizers and legacy bunches with respect to whether the development of tall office and lodging edifices is important as well as suitable for London. In light of ongoing reports, articles and papers and London's have to stay serious with New York and Tokyo as a world class city, the development of tall structures in London is a need, particularly because of specific fac tors, for example, the need to safeguard notable perspectives, the absence of accessible space and London's poor vehicle framework. The continuous discussion about whether tall structures would best serve London and support and upgrade its status as a world-class city has overwhelmed the political and metropolitan auxiliary plan fields during the most recent ten years. On one side are legacy gatherings and protectionists guaranteeing that an expansion in the quantity of tall structures would square key perspectives on London's generally critical tourist spots. For instance, the association English Heritage has expressed that the tall structures are a social issue and their job is most importantly of picture and style instead of economic,... ...22, 16 February 2004 Legislature of London, 'London's horizon, perspectives and high structures,' Planners and Development Economists http://www.london.gov.uk 16 February 2004 Administration of London, 'The London Plan.' Ken Livingstone. http://www.london.gov.uk 17 February 2004 Hamnett, 'The change of London's word related structure and the ascent of the new working class,' Unequal City. (Routledge) pp. 70 Livingstone, Ken. 'The main path is up,' The Independent. 2 November 2002. London School of Economics, 'London ought to grow up says new report on tall structures' http://www.lse.ac.uk/assortments/pressAndInformationOffice/newsAndEvents/files/2000-2002/Tall_Buildings.htm 13 February 2004 Newman, P, Thornley, A. 'Discontinuity and centralization: Influencing the urban arrangement motivation in London' Urban Studies 34. The Editors of Urban Studies: 2997. pp 981 theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-20182625060946220582020-07-23T14:20:00.001-07:002020-07-23T14:20:02.940-07:006 Tips to Writing a Solid Reflection Paper (With a Sample Essay)6 Tips to Writing a Solid Reflection Paper (With a Sample Essay) A reflection paper is an essay that focuses on your personal thoughts related to an experience, topic, or behavior. It can veer toward educational as a reflection of a book youve read or something youve been studying in class. It can also take a more professional slant as you reflect on a certain profession or your experiences within that profession.A lot of students enjoy writing this type of essay, especially if they find it easy to discuss their feelings and experiences related to a topic or profession. However, some students find this type of subjective writing to be difficult and would rather a more objective writing assignment.Whether youre the former or the latter, for this article, were going to look at 6 tips for writing a solid reflection paper that will help you get through the outlining and writing processes. Weve also provided a sample reflection paper so you can see these tips in action.A reflection paper is an essay that focuses on your personal thoughts related to an experience, topic, or behavior. It can veer toward educational as a reflection of a book youve read or something youve been studying in class. Photo by Bruce Mars on Unsplash.Tip #1â"Choose a topic youre passionate aboutHowever you choose to focus your reflection paper, if youre able to choose your own topic, choose one that is highly interesting to you or that you find important. Youll find that your paper will be much easier to outline and draft if you do. There are a range of potential topics that have been used or have the potential of turning into a great reflection paper. Here are a few suggestions:Describe your internship experience.Discuss a recent book you read that changed you.What is family to you and why?What are some of the qualities demonstrated by your favorite employers and/or managers? What makes them your favorite?Discuss music that has altered your way of thinking or made you see the world from a different perspective.Reflect on your favorite memory of a pet or l oved one.Tip #2â"Outline your reflection paper before you writeBe sure to outline your reflection paper first before you start to write. Even though this sort of essay is written as a personal reflection, youll still need to make sure you stay on topic and organize your writing in a clear, logical way. As with other traditional essays, there should be an introduction with a thesis statement, a body, and a conclusion. Each paragraph within your body should focus on a different sub-topic within the scope of your overall topic.Tip #3â"Write in first-person singularWrite in first-person singular. Format the essay according to your teachers instructions, using whatever citation style required. Your teacher will likely request that it is double-spaced, with 1 indentation in each margin, in 12 pt. font. Also keep in mind that most reflection papers will be around 750 words or less.Tip #4â"Avoid too much descriptionAvoiding adding too much description of events. This is not the kind of e ssay where you need to discuss a play-by-play of everything that happens. Rather, it is the kind of essay that focuses on your reflection of the topic and how you felt during these experiences.Tip #5â"Avoid colloquial expressions or slangAvoid colloquial expressions or slangâ"this is still an academic assignment. Also, be sure to edit your essay thoroughly for any grammar or spelling mistakes. Since a reflection paper is written in first-person point of view, its easy to mistake it for an informal essay and skip the editing. Regardless of the type of essay you submit to your professor, it should always be edited and error-free.Tip #6â"Critical reflection goes deeperIf your assignment asks you to write a critical reflection paper, it is asking for your observations and evaluations regarding an experience. Youll need to provide an in-depth analysis of the subject and your experience with it in an academic context. You might also provide a summary, if the critical reflection paper i s about a book or article youve read.Sample reflection paperMy student teaching experience with the Masters in Education program has been a great learning opportunity. Although I was nervous at first, it didnt take long to apply lessons I have been learning in my academic program to real-world skills such as classroom management, lesson planning, and instruction.During my first week of student teaching, I was assigned a mentor who had been teaching middle school grades for over 12 years. She assured me that middle school is one of the most difficult grades to teach and that there is a high turnover rate of teachers, which worried me. However, once the week got started and I began to meet the students, my fears abated. These young people were funny, inquisitive, and eager to begin reading the assigned book, Lord of the Fliesâ"especially after we started with a group project scenario that included kids being stranded on an island without adults.The first few weeks of applying classro om management skills I had read about in my Masters program were a definite learning experience. I had read enough about adolescent development to know that they were not yet at the age where they were able to control all of their impulses, so there were moments when some would yell out an answer or speak without raising their hand first. So, at my mentors suggestion, I worked with the students to create their own classroom rules that everyone would agree to abide by. Since they played a role in coming up with these rules, I believe it helped them take more personal responsibility in following them.When we finished that initial group project, I began to see how tasks such as lesson planningâ"and plans that have to be turned in to the administration weeklyâ"can easily become overwhelming if not worked out on the front-end of the semester. My mentor explained that most seasoned teachers will work on their lesson plans over the summer, using the proper state curriculum, to have them ready with the school year begins. Having scrambled to get my lesson planning done in time during the first few weeks, I saw the value in this and agreed with her that summertime preparation makes the most logical sense. When the school year gets started, its really a whirlwind of activities, professional development and other events that make it really difficult to find the time to plan lessons.Once the semester got well underway and I had lesson planning worked out with as little stress as possible, I was able to focus more on instructional time, which I found to be incredibly exciting. I began to see how incorporating multiple learning styles into my lesson, including visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles, helped the students stay more actively engaged in the discussion. They also enjoyed it when I showed them short video clips of the movie versions of the books we were reading, as well as the free-write sessions where they were able to write a scene and perform it wit h their classmates.Finally, my student teaching experience taught me that above all else, I have truly found my calling in teaching. Every day was something new and there was never a dull momentâ"not when youre teaching a group of 30 teenagers! This lack of boredom and the things I learned from the students are two of the most positive things for me that resulted from the experience, and I cant wait to have my own classroom in the fall when the school year begins again. theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-91461630905430239462020-05-22T04:37:00.001-07:002020-05-22T04:37:06.914-07:00Baron Friedrich Von Steuben in the American Revolution Friedrich Wilhelm August Heinrich Ferdinand von Steuben was born September 17, 1730, at Magdeburg. The son of Lieutenant Wilhelm von Steuben, a military engineer, and Elizabeth von Jagvodin, he spent some of his early years in Russia after his father was assigned to assist Czarina Anna. During this period he spent time in the Crimea as well as Kronstadt. Returning to Prussia in 1740, he received his education at the Lower Silesian towns of Neisse and Breslau (Wroclaw) before serving as a volunteer with his father for a year (1744) during the War of the Austrian Succession. Two years later, he officially entered the Prussian Army after turning 17. Baron von Steuben - Seven Years War: Initially assigned to the infantry, von Steuben sustained a wound at the Battle of Prague in 1757.à Proving an adept organizer, he received an appointment as battalion adjutant and earned a promotion to first lieutenant two years later. Wounded a the defeat at Kunersdorf in 1759, von Steuben again returned to action. Elevated to captain by 1761, von Steuben continued to see extensive service in the Prussian campaigns of the Seven Years War (1756-1763). Recognizing the young officers skill, Frederick the Great placed von Steuben on his personal staff as an aide-de-camp and in 1762 admitted him to the special class on warfare that he taught. Despite his impressive record, von Steuben found himself unemployed at the end of the war in 1763 when the Prussian Army was reduced to peacetime levels. Baron von Steuben - Hohenzollern-Hechingen: After several months of seeking employment, von Steuben received an appointment as hofmarschall (chancellor) to Josef Friedrich Wilhelm of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Enjoying the comfortable lifestyle provided by this position, he was made a knight of the aristocratic Order of Fidelity by the Margrave of Baden in 1769. This was largely the result of a falsified lineage prepared by von Steubens father. Shortly thereafter, von Steuben began using the title baron. With the prince short on funds, he accompanied him to France in 1771 with the hope of securing a loan. Unsuccessful, they returned to Germany where through the early 1770s von Steuben remained in Hodenzollern-Hechingen despite the princes increasing decaying financial position. Baron von Steuben - Seeking Employment: In 1776, von Steuben was forced to leave due to rumors of alleged homosexuality and accusations of his having taken improper liberties with boys. Though no proof exists regarding von Steubens sexual orientation, the stories proved sufficiently powerful to compel him to seek new employment. Initial efforts to obtain a military commission in Austria and Baden failed, and he traveled to Paris to try his luck with the French. Seeking out the French Minister of War, Claude Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain, who had met previously in 1763, von Steuben again was unable to obtain a position. Though he had no use for von Steuben, Saint-Germain recommended him to Benjamin Franklin, citing von Steubens extensive staff experience with the Prussian Army. Though impressed with von Steubens credentials, Franklin and fellow American representative Silas Deane initially turned him down as they were under instructions from the Continental Congress to refuse foreign officers who could not speak English. Additionally, Congress had grown wearisome of dealing with foreign officers who often demanded high rank and exorbitant pay. Returning to Germany, von Steuben was again confronted with allegations of homosexuality and was ultimately lured back to Paris by an offer of free passage to America. Baron von Steuben - Coming to America: Again meeting with the Americans, he received letters of introduction from Franklin and Deane on the understanding that he would be a volunteer without rank and pay. Sailing from France with his Italian greyhound, Azor, and four companions, von Steuben arrived at Portsmouth, NH in December 1777. After almost being arrested due to their red uniforms, von Steuben and his party were lavishly entertained in Boston before departing Massachusetts. Traveling south, he presented himself to the Continental Congress at York, PA on February 5. Accepting his services, Congress directed him to join General George Washingtons Continental Army at Valley Forge. It also stated that payment for his service would be determined after the war and based upon his contributions during his tenure with the army. Arriving at Washingtons headquarters on February 23, he quickly impressed Washington though communication proved difficult as a translator was required. Baron von Steuben - Training an Army: In early March, Washington, seeking to take advantage of von Steubens Prussian experience, asked him to serve as inspector general and oversee the training and discipline of the army. He immediately commenced designing a training program for the army. Though he spoke no English, von Steuben began his program in March with the aid of interpreters. Beginning with a model company of 100 chosen men, von Steuben instructed them in drill, maneuver, and a simplified manual of arms. These 100 men were in turn sent out to other units to repeat the process and so on until the entire army was trained. In addition, von Steuben introduced a system of progressive training for recruits which educated them in the basics of soldiering. Surveying the encampment, von Steuben greatly improved sanitation by reorganizing the camp and repositioning kitchens and latrines. He also endeavored to improve the armys record keeping to minimize graft and profiteering. Highly impressed with von Steubens work, Washington successfully petitioned Congress to permanently appoint von Steuben inspector general with the rank and pay of a major general. This request was granted on May 5, 1778. The results of von Steubens training regimen immediately showed in the American performances at Barren Hill (May 20) and Monmouth (June 28). Baron von Steuben - Later War: Attached to Washingtons headquarters, von Steuben continued to work to improve the army. In the winter of 1778-1779, he wrote Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States which outlined training courses as well as general administrative procedures. Moving through numerous editions, this work remained in use up to the War of 1812. In September 1780, von Steuben served on the court-martial for British spy Majorà John Andrà ©. Accused of espionage in relation to the defection of Major General Benedict Arnold, the court-martial found him guilty and sentenced him to death. Two months later, in November, von Steuben was sent south to Virginia to mobilize forces to support Major General Nathanael Greenes army in the Carolinas. Hampered by state officials and British raids, von Steuben struggled in this post and was defeated by Arnold at Blandford in April 1781. Replaced by the Marquis de Lafayette later that month, he moved south with a Continental force to join Greene despite the arrival of Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis army in the state. Criticized by the public, he halted on June 11 and moved to join Lafayette in opposing Cornwallis. Suffering from ill health, he elected to take sick leave later that summer. Recovering he rejoined Washingtons army on September 13 as it moved against Cornwallis at Yorktown. In the resulting Battle of Yorktown, he commanded a division. On October 17, his men were in the trenches when the British offer of surrender was received. Invoking European military etiquette, he ensured that his men had the honor of remaining in the lines until the final surrender was received. Baron von Steuben - Later Life: Though the fighting in North America was largely concluded, von Steuben spent the remaining years of the war working to improve the army as well as began designing plans for the postwar American military. With the end of the conflict, he resigned his commission in March 1784, and lacking potential employment in Europe decided to settle in New York City. Though he hoped to live a genteel life of retirement, Congress failed to give him a pension and granted only a small amount of his expense claims. Suffering from financial hardships, he was aided by friends such as Alexander Hamilton and Benjamin Walker. In 1790, Congress granted von Steuben a pension of $2,500. Though less than he had hoped, it allowed Hamilton and Walker to stabilize his finances. For the next four years, he split his time between New York City and a cabin near Utica, NY which he built on land given to him for his wartime service. In 1794, he permanently moved to the cabin and died there on November 28. Buried locally, his grave is now the site of Steuben Memorial State Historic Site. Sources National Park Service: Baron von SteubenFriedrich Wilhelm Von Steuben theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-32584992070669018402020-05-07T00:20:00.001-07:002020-05-07T00:20:32.185-07:00Women s Conflict And Epidemic Crisis - 2356 Words In this essay, I will be discussing how women in Nigeria are vulnerable in conflict and epidemic crisis because religion and customs encourage male dominance limiting womenââ¬â¢s rights. As a result, male groups believe they have power over women, as noticed in the kidnapping of student girls in Nigeria. Furthermore, women are entitled to follow customs and culture even if it endangers their health, as discussed in the Ebola crisis in Nigeria. However, if women disobey customs and culture they are abused and punished, resulting in gender based violence. Hence, women in Nigeria are vulnerable due to many factors, but education is a safeguard that is necessary to protect them. Therefore, in this essay, I will be arguing how women are vulnerableâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The religions and customs in Nigeria support women as the ââ¬Å"weaker sexâ⬠as it ââ¬Å"attributes superiority to one sex [males] over the other [femaleââ¬â¢s]â⬠(Ekhator 262-263). Furthermore, t he society supports this discriminatory attitude as there ââ¬Å"are customs all over which discriminate against the womenfolkâ⬠(Ekhator 263). These discriminatory customs are evident in the ââ¬Å"Mojekwu v. Ejikemeâ⬠case, which was about women not being able to receive their inheritance because they were women. However, Nigeria has some laws like Article eighteen which supports ââ¬Å"the elimination of discrimination against womenâ⬠(Ekhator 263). There are laws similar to article eighteen which support the end of gender inequality, even though there are laws that promote gender inequality. Furthermore, the government in Nigeria is promoting the end of gender inequality by ââ¬Å"adopt[ing] the National Gender Policyâ⬠in order to change discriminatory laws (Ekhator 265). Finally, this article states how Nigeria is trying to become a gender equal society, but old customs and laws are still accepted by many promoting discrimination towards women, and thus mak ing them more vulnerable. As mentioned, women in Nigeria are theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-26054920297832026612020-05-06T09:19:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:19:29.512-07:00Sociological Perspectives of Violence Free Essays string(101) " different schools of thoughts about violence, view any violent act as a precursor of other factors\." The focus of this paper is an overview of different research articles on racism and structural violence against the aboriginal. Violence will be looked at from three schools of thoughts namely the structural, conflict and process theories. The views of these different approaches to violence will be critically analyzed, but no value judgments will be placed on any of their perceptions of violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Perspectives of Violence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Racism According to Headley (2000), racism is ââ¬Å"the infliction of unequal consideration, motivated by the desire to dominate, based on race alone (p. 23). Headley further explains that this definition accommodates the distinction between ââ¬Å"true racismâ⬠which is the desire to harm or dominate others solely on the basis of race, and ââ¬Å"ordinary racismâ⬠which he sees as universal features of human biology (p. 224). Headley further maintained that a racist is not merely someone who wishes to put down anotherââ¬â¢s à race, but also suppress and assert his/her own superiority through a violent act (p. 224). Naiman (2006) defines racism as hostility, aggression, and antagonism toward non-members of a particular group based on their physical characteristics, notably skin colour (p. 265). Similarly, Spencer (1998) sees racism as ââ¬Å"the transformation of race prejudice and / or ethnocentrism through the exercise of power against a racial group defined as inferior, by individual and institutionâ⬠(p. 1). To infer from the foregoing definitions, a common attribute of racism is the belief that oneââ¬â¢s own race is superior to another. This belief is based on the erroneous assumption that physical attributes of members of a racial group determine their social behaviour as well as their psychological and intellectual characteristics (Spencer, 1998, p. 5). Historical Roots of Racism. The term racism became popularized in the late 1960ââ¬â¢s during the civil rights movement (Headley, 2000, p. 235). Prior to this time according to Headley, the term ethnic prejudice was used (p. 236). Naiman (2006) posits that racism is a relatively recent phenomenon, and its emergence as a systematic world-view developed concurrently with the rise of capitalist and its global expansion (p. 66) Naiman further explains à that some scholars define forms of à social intolerance prior to this capitalist era as racism, but he however argues that such social intolerance is more precisely seen as ethnocentrism (preference for oneââ¬â¢s own cultural traditions) or ethnic chauvinism (antagonism towards a particular group) (p. 267). Racism in Canada According to Naiman (2006), some Canadians like to believe that racism is a relatively recent phenomenon linked to modern immigration patterns or compared to United States, Canada has little history of overt racism (p. 69). Naiman, however, argues that racism in Canada has a long and sordid past, which in reality as described by him ââ¬Å" is an unsightly history swept under the threadbare rug of its national mythsâ⬠(p. 269). Naiman further maintained that the history of racism in Canada begins with the subjugation of Canadaââ¬â¢s aboriginal people. Violence Anglin (1998), states that an uncontroversial, exhaustive and precise definition of violence is difficult to find. ââ¬Å"Violence is understood as an incident in which an acting individual intentionally injures anotherâ⬠(p. 146). Anglin further explains that the action of the perpetrator can be physical, or psychological. In same vein, Steinmetz (1989) defines violent as ââ¬Å"an act carried out with the intension of, or perceived as having the intension of physically hurting another personâ⬠. Strasburg (1978) defines violence as ââ¬Å"illegal use or threat of force against a personâ⬠. From the foregoing, it can be infer that violent behavior means physical force exerted for the purpose of violating or abusing. There are three key terms which are likely to be present for any action to be classified as a violent act. The action must be intentional, force may be applied and the action must result in harm (physical, psychological and emotional). Human behaviour does not occur in isolation or in vacuum but it is influenced by the interplay of many other factors. Consequently, different schools of thoughts about violence, view any violent act as a precursor of other factors. You read "Sociological Perspectives of Violence" in category "Papers" For example, the Conflict, Structural, and Process theories. Conflict theory Conflict theory is better understood as the Marxist theory. According to the theory, ââ¬Å"Crime is perceived as a function of competition for limited resourcesâ⬠. That is, a social status in which an individual is perceived evaluated and treated accordingly by legal authorities. The Marxist view is that conflict between these class-based social hierarchies, the haves (bourgeoisie), and has not (proletariat) that produces violent behavior. According to Holmes (1988), the difference between these two classes is a matter of relative power . Holmes further explains that the ruling class have sufficient power hence, they are able to label some proletariatââ¬â¢s behavior as criminal Structural theory The structural theory on the other hand, sees violence from the perception of cultural forces or neighborhood conditions. That is, our behavior is a product of our environment. The world we live in, shapes our lives. Since our environment is not static, our behavior revolves around this dynamism. The structural approach holds the view that the way certain things are structured by the society creates violent acts. For example, consider the film Elephant; the structural theory will argue that it is because of the way society is structured, that people are able to acquire weapons to perpetuate violence. Similarly, heterogeneity of society inherently creates violence. This is because according to the theory, there is bound to be such issues as cultural or religious conflicts due to these differences. Process theory According to the proponent of this theory, crime is a function of socialization and upbringing. Delinquent behaviour is learned like every other behavior through association with significant others and reference groups, especially parents and peers. It is through observation and interaction with these significant others; we learn techniques for engaging in delinquent acts. According to Process theory, all forms of violent acts are learned through imitation and observation. For example in the movie Elephant, the Process theory argues that the two serial killers learned such violent acts through the use of violent computer games and imitation of the Naziââ¬â¢s leader, Hitler. The argument advanced by these different schools of thought appears convincing, because violence in society can be explained through each of these approaches. When these schools of thought are viewed critically, there appears to be a probing question that needs to be answered. Among each of these theories which contributes more to violence in society? Considering the importance of each of these schools of thought, it will be difficult if not impossible to adequately explain violence from the perception of one of these approaches. This is true because each of these approaches interplay to influence oneââ¬â¢s behaviour depending on the situation. For example, using the movie Elephant, the Process Theory will argue that the serial killers learned their dastardly act through watching à violent video games (observation) their attempt to imitate Naziââ¬â¢s leader Hitler was the precursor of their actions. On the other hand, the Structural Theory will argue that it is because of the way society is structured that the serial killers were able acquired guns to perpetuate their acts. Similarly, if society is structured in such a way that getting violent computer games are almost impossible to get, perhaps the killers might not be able to procure such weaponry or learn violent behaviour. In same vein, the Conflict Approach says the power struggle between the ruling class and the working class creates imbalance family structure, which they claim resulted in poor parental upbringing. This results in violent acts because the children are not properly catered for. The Role and Effect of the mass media on Violence Research on media influence in violence has been concerned with possible negative effects of exposure to violent films. What messages, for example do children take away from their exposure to various violent movies? According to the Observational Learning Theory Bandura, et al, in their Bobo doll study cited in Holmes (1988), explains that the media encourages children to solve their problems by violent means; they further maintain that constant exposure to violence normalizes violence (p. 100). Critics of the Bobo doll experiment have pointed out that the doll was the type of toy that invited aggression, and also since the filmstrip used in the experiment lacked a plot, it contained no justification for the violence of children. .Other scholars like Alfred Hitchcockââ¬â¢s as cited in Holmes (1988) argues that tracing the direct effects of the media is a very difficult task. The reason for this according to him is that when the media operates in the natural environment, their influence is only one factor among many other factors; this is because what they see and hear is most likely monitored by their parents (p. 8). Hitchcock further explains that even when children are exposed to violent movies through the media, this violent act is further reinforced if the parentââ¬â¢s, themselves also engages in any forms of violence. The media reflects nearly every aspect of a society; these reflections are not necessarily accurate. This is because violence is not accurately repr esented by the media. The news media in particular, provides an important forum in which violent acts are selectively gathered up, invested with a broader meaning, and made available to public consumption (Ksenych, 2003, p. 35). The media has the power to shape the issue and to shape the consciousness of viewers by sensationalizing and trivializing cases of abuse. A good example of this is the misleading representation of à the percentage of violence as reported by the media and the one reported by statistics Canada (Ksenych, 2003 p. 35). Structural Violence Structural Violence according to Anglin (1998) ââ¬Å"is violence produced by structures of domination, form of expropriation of vital economic and non-material resources and operations of systems of social stratification or categorization that subvert peopleââ¬â¢s chances of survivalâ⬠(p. 46). Through structural forms of violence, persons are socially and culturally marginalized in ways that deny them the opportunity for emotional and physical wellbeing. Walker (2003) sees Structural Violence as ââ¬Å"the constraints on human potential caused by economic and political structuresâ⬠(p. 1). Similarly, Fiske (2006) contrasts ââ¬Å"Structural Violenceâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Direct Violenceâ⬠. Fiske argues that structural violence is manifested in social inequalities, and almost always invisible, embedded in social structures. Direct violent on the other hand, is overt and has a perpetrator of the harmful actions (p. 47). Thus, structural violence occurs whenever people are at disadvantaged by political, economic and cultural traditions. Structural Violence on the Aboriginal People The ââ¬Å"stolen generationâ⬠is the name generally given to the Aboriginal families adopted into non Aboriginal families as a result of government policies on assimilation (Mellor, 2006, p. 82). According to Holmes (1998) the first British and French colonist made contact with the Aborigines primarily to exploit their labour power in the fur trade (p. 270). Holmes further explains that the Aborigines were under paid in exchange of their labour. Furthermore, as the fur trade declined and agriculture expanded the colonists forcefully took over the valuable lands inhabited by the Aboriginal people. Fiske (2006) sees structural violence against the Aboriginal from the perception of cultural marginalization. Fiske explains after confederation, the Canadian government used assimilation to gain control over the Aborigines. The tool used to promote this end was the Indian act of 1876 (p. 248). This act not only controls every aspect of the lives of the native people, but it also laid out who would be bound or not bound by the act. For example, the ââ¬Å"Status Indiansâ⬠were those bound by the act, and were prohibited by the act from owning lands, from voting, and from purchasing or consuming alcohol. By same token, the groups not included in the act are ââ¬Å"Non-Status Indianâ⬠. Fiske further explains that prior to 1985, the Aborigines women were excluded from Indian register when they married non-Indians. Similarly, these women were not only forced out of their community, but were also stripped of their rights to property inheritance. The children born in this marriage were also denied Indian status. By same token, Walker, (2003) explains that there was also forms of structural violence against indigenous knowledge production (p. 37). This is evidence in Eurocentric research paradigms which distort indigenous experience as expressed in the following quote à ââ¬Å"To assume that phenomena from another world view can be adequately explained from a totally foreign world view is the essence of psychological and philosophical imperialismâ⬠. Consequently, forcing indigenous researchers to fit their approach within western paradigms ignores the premise that all research paradigms have a pecific cultural foundation. Walker further explains that this cultural bias of the dominant western society is based on the assumptions that the western methodology was universal (p. 38). From the foregoing, it can be seen that the indigenous people of Canada were not only subjected to forms of inhuman condition, they saw the theft of their resources and à à culture, à marginalization, and discrimination (Naiman, 2006, p. 272). How to cite Sociological Perspectives of Violence, Papers theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-80376729612378879202020-04-27T08:15:00.001-07:002020-04-27T08:15:01.927-07:00What Is Drama Essays - Art Education, , Term Papers What Is Drama? The question asked is 'what is drama?' Can we truly define it? Is there a 'textbook' definition of something that can be so personal? What is drama in relation to theatre? Why is drama so important? What are its uses, its aims? Some have said that drama develops self-esteem and encourages creativity and imagination. This is true, and will be demonstrated through examples from personal experiences. Usually the first thing that occurs in a drama class is that someone will ask for a definition of the word drama. Most of the class will look away, as if in deep thought praying that they are not called on, because they do not know the answer. At first glance, it seems a simple question, but as one begins to delve into the true nature of drama, the answer is not so cut and dry. For some, drama is a type of television show, such as a hospital or lawyer show. For others, it is that section of the movie rental place where all 'chick flicks' are. For still others, drama means Sophocles, Euripides, and Aeschylus. For teachers, drama means all and none of these things. A clear definition is needed in order to lead the students in various activities, and towards various goals. What good is it to have the students explore within themselves if the teacher does not know what the aim or direction of the exploration is? Many teachers claim that their purpose of drama is to develop the child's sense of self. This however is slightly vague. Most people in education strive for this in one way or another. Bettering the child in body mind and spirit is a general goal for teachers, so this idea is not particular to drama. So then, what exactly is drama? There is one school of thought that defines it as an expressive process which is best understood through the idea of symbolization and its role in the discovery and communication of meaning(McGregor 24). This is an accurate definition, as it also goes on to explain that drama is 'multi-faceted' and that he child gains experience through voice, language, the body as prime means of expression; and the associated media of light, sound and space(McGregor 24). I have had many opportunities to participate in dramatic activities, and to express myself in different ways. One such activity I engaged in was a dance drama while attending my final year of high school in Toledo. The song was entitled 'Forever Young' and it was about growing up and growing old without knowing one's place in life, without ever being happy. The melody was almost regretful in tone, and the lyrics were pleading in nature. At this point in time, I was two months away from graduation, about to leave the place I had called home for five years. I was not yet ready to leave my youth and enter into the unknown world of university. I was afraid, reluctant, and introspective, much like the protagonist of the song. Through dance, two other girls and I expressed our feelings on graduation. We used gentle movements; always aware of the softness of the angles our bodies were making. The arms were always curved, the head rolling into positions, as opposed to jerking. The lights were dimmed, with only a pale, white light focused on the center of the stage, giving it a bit of a glow. Since we had three characters, we decided to act out three stages in life: the child, the teenager, and the adult. The child was dancing in the center of the stage, playing with the light, dancing with imaginary friends, happy, carefree, oblivious to its surroundings, and interested only in the moment. The teenager was standing just beyond the light of childhood, attempting to interact with the child, but never actually crossing the light. She would circle around it, look inward with longing, then turn with her back to the light, facing adulthood with fear and trepidation. She would take a few steps in one direction, then turn the other way, and take a few more steps, as if she were lost and confused, like in a maze. She could always see the theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-56056278472450520912020-03-19T08:57:00.001-07:002020-03-19T08:57:03.606-07:00Huey P. Newton Founder of the Black Panther party essaysHuey P. Newton Founder of the Black Panther party essays Huey P. Newton Founder of the Black Panther party During the Late 1960s and early 70s posters of the Black Panther Partys co-founder, Huey P. Newton were plastered on walls of college dorm rooms across the country. Wearing a black beret and a leather jacket, sitting on a wicker chair, a spear in one hand and a riffle in the other. According to Albert and Hoffman (the authors of we shall overcome) stated that, the poster depicted Huey Newton as a symbol of his generations anger and courage in the face of racism and imperialism (Albert and Hoffman 4,45). His intellectual capacity and community leadership abilities helped him create the Black Panther Party. Huey P. Newton was born February 17, 1942 in Oak Grove Louisiana, however when he was just two years old his family migrated to Oakland California. During childhood, his baby face, light complexion, medium height, squeaky voice, and his name Huey, forced him to learn how to fight early on in life. Co- founder of the black Panther Party, Bobby Seale stated in his book Seize the Time that, Hueys quick wit and strength earned him respect of his peers and the reputation of being a tough guy (Seale 40). Upon his enrollment at Merritt College Hueys academic achievements quickly surpass other students, while at the same time he was still able to relate to those he grew up with on the streets of Oakland. Autobiographer, Hugh Pearson in shadow of the Panther reports that, Huey remained comfortable on the street corners with young Negro men who drank wine all day... and fought one another- young men who most college- bound Negroes shied away from (Pearson 115). His ability and desire to de velop his intellect and receive a college education while still identifying with his peers on the street played an influential role in his effective leadership in the Black Panther Party. Influenced by Malcolm Xs nationalism, Che Gu... theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-20560900563961558012020-03-03T00:43:00.001-08:002020-03-03T00:43:03.550-08:00Biography of Hernán Cortés, Ruthless ConquistadorBiography of Hernn Cortà ©s, Ruthless Conquistador Hernn Cortà ©s (1485ââ¬âDecember 2, 1547) was a Spanish conquistador responsible for the audacious, brutal conquest of the Aztec Empire in Central Mexico in 1519. With a force of 600 Spanish soldiers, he was able to conquer a vast empire with tens of thousands of warriors. He did it through a combination of ruthlessness, guile, violence, and luck. Fast Facts: Hernn Cortà ©s Known For: Brutal conqueror of the Aztec EmpireBorn: 1485 in Medellà n, Castileà (Spain)Parents: Martà n Cortà ©s de Monroy, Doà ±a Catalina Pizarro AltamarinoDied: Dec. 2, 1547 in Castilleja de la Cuesta, near Sevilla (Spain)Spouses: Catalina Surez Marcaida, Juana Ramà rez de Arellano de Zà ºÃ ±igaChildren: 2nd Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca, Catalina Cortà ©s De Zà ºÃ ±iga, Catalina Pizarro, Juana Cortà ©s De Zà ºÃ ±iga, Leonor Cortà ©s Moctezuma, Luis Cortà ©s, Luis Cortà ©s y Ramà rez de Arellano, Marà a Cortà ©s de Moctezuma, Marà a Cortà ©s de Zà ºÃ ±iga, Martà n Cortà ©sNotable Quote: I and my companions suffer from a disease of the heart which can be cured only with gold. Early Life Hernn Cortà ©s, like many who eventually became conquistadores in the Americas, was born in Medellà n, in the Castilian province of Extremadura, the son ofà Martà n Cortà ©s de Monroy and Doà ±a Catalina Pizarro Altamarino. He came from a respected military family but was a sickly child. He went to the University of Salamanca to study law but soon dropped out. By this time, tales of the wonders of the New World were spreading across Spain, appealing to teens such as Cortà ©s. He decided to head to Hispaniola, an island in the West Indies, to seek his fortune. Hispaniola Cortà ©s was well educated and had family connections, so when he arrived in Hispaniola in 1503, he soon found work as a notary and was given a plot of land and a number of natives to work it. His health improved and he trained as a soldier, taking part in the subjugation of the parts of Hispaniola that had held out against the Spanish. He became known as a good leader, an intelligent administrator, and a ruthless fighter. These traits encouraged Diego Velzquez, a colonial administrator and conquistador, to select him for his expedition to Cuba. Cuba Velzquez was assigned the subjugation of the island of Cuba. He set out with three ships and 300 men, including young Cortà ©s, a clerk assigned to the treasurer of the expedition. Also along on the expedition was Bartolomà © de Las Casas, who would eventually describe the horrors of the conquest and denounce the conquistadores. The conquest of Cuba was marked by a number of unspeakable abuses, including massacres and the burning alive of native chief Hatuey. Cortà ©s distinguished himself as a soldier and administrator and was made mayor of the new city of Santiago. His influence grew. Tenochtitln Cortà ©s watched in 1517 and 1518 as two expeditions to conquer the mainland ended in failure. In 1519, it was Cortà ©sââ¬â¢ turn. With 600 men, he began one of the most audacious feats in history: conquest of the Aztec Empire, which at that time had tens if not hundreds of thousands of warriors. After landing with his men, he made his way to Tenochtitln, theà capital of the empire. Along the way, he defeated Aztec vassal states, adding their strength to his. He reached Tenochtitln in 1519 and occupied it without a fight. When Velzquez, now governor of Cuba, sent an expedition under Pnfilo de Narvez to rein in Cortà ©s, Cortes defeated Narvez, adding Narvezs men to his forces. After the battle, Cortà ©s returned to Tenochtitln with his reinforcements but found chaos. In his absence, one of his lieutenants,à Pedro de Alvarado, had ordered a massacre of Aztec nobility. Aztec Emperor Montezuma wasà killed by his own peopleà while trying to placate the crowd, and an angry mob chased the Spanish from the city in what became known as the Noche Triste, or ââ¬Å"Night of Sorrows.â⬠Cortà ©s regrouped, retook the city, and by 1521 was in charge of Tenochtitln again. Good Luck Cortà ©s could never have pulled off the defeat of theà Aztec Empireà without good luck. First, he found Gerà ³nimo de Aguilar, a Spanish priest who had been shipwrecked on the mainland several years before and could speak the Maya language. Between Aguilar and Malinche, a female slave who could speak Maya and Nahuatl, Cortà ©s was able to communicate during his conquest. Cortà ©s also had amazing luck in terms of the Aztec vassal states. They nominally owed allegiance to the Aztecs, but in reality they hated them. Cortà ©s exploited this hatred. With thousands of native warriors as allies, he could meet the Aztecs with strength and secure a victory. He also benefited from the fact that Montezuma had been a weak leader, looking for divine signs before making any decisions. Cortà ©s believed that Montezuma thought the Spanish were emissaries from the god Quetzalcoatl, which may have caused him to wait before crushing them. Cortà ©sââ¬â¢ final stroke of luck was the timely arrival of reinforcements under the inept Narvez. Velzquez had intended to weaken Cortà ©s and bring him back to Cuba, but after Narvez was defeated he wound up providing Cortà ©s with men and supplies that he desperately needed. Governor From 1521 to 1528 Cortà ©s served as governor of New Spain, as Mexico became known. The crown sent administrators, and Cortà ©s oversaw the rebuilding of the city and expeditions to explore other parts of Mexico. Cortà ©s still had many enemies, however, and his repeated insubordination reduced his support from the crown. In 1528 he returned to Spain to plead his case for more power and received a mixed response. He was elevated to noble status and given the title of Marquis of the Oaxaca Valley, one of the richest territories in the New World. He was removed as governor, however, and would never again wield much power in the New World. Later Life and Death Cortà ©s never lost the spirit of adventure. He personally financed and led an expedition to explore Baja California in the late 1530s and fought with royal forces in Algiers in 1541. After that ended in a fiasco, he decided to return to Mexico but instead died of pleuritis on Dec. 2, 1547, in Castilleja de la Cuesta, near Sevilla, Spain, at the age of 62. Legacy In his bold but ghastly conquest of the Aztecs, Cortà ©s left a trail of bloodshed that other conquistadores would follow. Cortà ©s ââ¬Å"blueprintâ⬠- to pit native populations against one another and exploit traditional enmities- was followed by Francisco Pizarro in Peru, Pedro de Alvarado in Central America, and other conquerors of the Americas. Cortà ©s success in bringing down the mighty Aztec Empire quickly became legendary back in Spain. Most of his soldiers had been peasants or younger sons of minor nobility with little to look forward to in terms of wealth or prestige. After the conquest, his men were given land, native slaves, and gold. These rags-to-riches stories drew thousands of Spanish to the New World, each wishing to follow in Cortà ©sââ¬â¢ bloody footprints. In the short run, this was good for the Spanish crown because native populations were quickly subjugated by theseà ruthless conquistadores. In the long run, it proved disastrous because instead of being farmers or tradesmen, these men were soldiers,à slavers,à and mercenaries who abhorred honest work. One of Cortà ©sââ¬â¢ legacies was theà encomiendaà system that he instituted in Mexico, which ââ¬Å"entrustedâ⬠a tract of land and a number of natives to a Spaniard, often a conquistador. The encomendero had certain rights and responsibilities. Basically, he agreed to provide religious education for the natives in exchange for labor, but it was little more than legalized slavery, which made theà recipients wealthy and powerful. The Spanish crown eventually regretted allowing theà system to take root, as it was difficult to abolish once reports of abuses began piling up. Modern Mexicans revile Cortà ©s. They identify as closely with their native past as with their European roots, and they see Cortà ©s as a monster and butcher. Equally reviled is Malinche, or Doà ±a Marina, Cortà ©sââ¬â¢ Nahua slave/consort. If not for her language skills and assistance, the conquest of the Aztec Empire would almost certainly have taken a different path. Sources Hernn Cortà ©s: Spanish Conquistador. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Hernn Cortà ©s. History.com.Hernn Cortà ©sà Biography. Thefamouspeople.com. theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-56332442887993211442020-02-15T16:07:00.001-08:002020-02-15T16:07:03.078-08:00Mother Teresa, my hero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsMother Teresa, my hero - Essay Example She is my hero due to her sincere dedication to devote her life to help the poor in Calcutta. As a child, she never knew she would be a nun, but she was always fascinated with the works of missionaries. As Gutzman, Joan, a biographer who wrote about her life said, Mother Teresa is shy and quiet, a strong and independent lady. She is portrayed as someone ââ¬Å"who is always on her own person, startlingly independent, obedient, yet challenging some preconceived notions and expectations. Her own life story includes many illustrations of her willingness to listen to and follow her own conscience, even when it seemed to contradict what was expectedâ⬠(Gutzman, Joan). Mother Teresa could be regarded as a model and a moral leader because she lived a life of excellence; she motivated a lot of girls to enter into her congregation, followed her vocation, and a lot of people to support her mission. She became a model to the poor as she chose to serve the poorest of the poor. Mother Teresa came from a well to do family but thru her vocation she preferred to live in simplicity and poverty. She was a nurse and a teacher who never grew tired of serving the poor. She thought of teaching the poor children from scratches. She used a stick and wrote letters from the dirt to teach children how to read. theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-79493877720650142602020-02-02T10:24:00.001-08:002020-02-02T10:24:03.031-08:00Case Study Phase 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsPhase 1 - Case Study Example In terms of business and management, the possibility of an investmentââ¬â¢s actual return usually differs from the expected and risks include the probabilities of losing part of or the entire original investment. On the other hand, risk assessment involves determining both quantitative and qualitative risks associated with a situation and recognizing threats (Hussain, 2013). A risk assessment of quantitative nature needs calculations of two aspects of risk including the degree of the possible loss and the possibility that the loss take place. Additionally, acceptable risk is the risk that may be understood as a consequence of the cost or difficulty in the implementation of an efficient countermeasure for the related vulnerability that surpasses the expected loss. Apple is an international company whose head office is in California, that is involved in designing, developing and selling consumer electronics (Young, 2009). Even though Apple develops its own products and comes up with the software which is run on its devices, it manufactured and assembles its devices through outsourcing operations. Since the company has a heavy dependence on its partners on the delivery of the final product, it is faced with the threat of not having the full ability to control its supply operation. Apple also has a heavy dependence on numerous other organizations to develop components that constitute its final products. Even though this kind of partnerships is advantageous in the production of high quality devices, they also underscore the technological dependency of Apple on external companies. Additionally, any form of disruption suffered by the companies, which manufacture its components will directly influence the ability of Apple to produce products for the market on a timely basis. Regardless of the fact that this form of partnerships are advantageous in the production of devices of superior quality, they underscore the theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-53436959507126146482020-01-25T06:48:00.001-08:002020-01-25T06:48:02.633-08:00Handling Stress Essay -- essays research papers Handling Stress This essay is about handling the stress of University studies. We will be looking into many ideas and different peopleà ¹s views on how to handle stress. I will also be giving my own opinions on how I think stress can be controlled or relieved. The first thing we must do is ask ourselves one very important question, à ³what is stressà ²? WHAT IS STRESS? According to an Australian born physician, Hans Selye (1979), stress is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. The body responds in many ways. One is to the loss of blood and the other is to the lack of sleep. Both of these are nonspecific responses, however all demands made on the body evoke generalised, nonspecific responses. For example, they all unable you to concentrate as would normally be expected, they activate oneà ¹s sympathetic nervous system, and they also increase the amount of the hormone epinephrine that is being released into your body. When people say theyà ¹ve been under going alot of stress they are usually referring to a couple of unpleasant experiences. Now that we have an idea on what stress is the next question we should ask ourselves is à ³what is or can cause stressà ². CAUSES OF STRESS There are many different things that cause stress. One may be if you have a big term paper due and you want to do your best to impress your seminar leader. Another may be peer or family related. All in all it is things, events, situations, and people that cause stress. It is how we perceive them that will determine whether or not stress will be a result from the encounter. Not only negative situations are the cause of stress. Joy and happiness can also cause stress even though they are positive. In a sense, it is we then who choose our own stressors. Selye noted that with the absence of stress there is death. Current researchers are also discovering that too little stress may be a major cause of depression or boredom. It is therefore up to us to choose the best Handling Stress # stressors and the optimal level of stress. Since we have now begun to understand the definition of stress as well as the causes we now ask ourselves à ³what can I do to control my stressà ²? CONTROLLING STRESS There have been many studies done on the managements of stress. One group of researchers found out that many university students tended to gain weight their first year away from home. These à ³... ...e as some are for oneà ¹s emotional well being. There are even some that help with both. All in all stress seems to occur depending on oneà ¹s perception of events, people, and daily things for stress occurs on different occasions for different people. Handling Stress # REFERENCES Adams, J.D. (1980). Understanding and Managing Stress, San Diego: University Associates. Kalat, J.W. (1993). Introduction to Psychology: third edition. Pacific Grone: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Pfeifer, J.E., and Ogloff, J.R.P. (1990). Making the Grade:Strategies for Succeeding at University. Lincoln: JEP and JRPO Rathbone, J.L. (1969). Relaxation. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. Rhines, K.L. (1985). Stress and Disease. Pleasantville: Human Relations Media Inc. Romano, J.L. (1984). Stress Management and Wellness: Reaching beyond the counselorà ¹s office. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 62 (9), 533-537. Ross, J. (1993). The Original Student Calendar, Winlaw: Polestar Calendars Ltd. Williams, J.M., Decker, T.W., Libassi, A. (1983), The impact of stress management training on the academic performance of low-achieving college students. Journal of College Student Personnel, 24 (6), 491-494. Word Count: 2062 theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-87988656572402151642020-01-17T03:12:00.001-08:002020-01-17T03:12:05.567-08:00Korean Air and China AirlinesLesson 1 ââ¬â Self introduction Trick ââ¬â Stereotype Airlines ââ¬â China Airlines Instructor:Fiona Y. Hsiao ? ? : Profile-? ? 1. Marketing & Sales VP 2. (Kingdom of Bahrain) (Gulf Air) 3? / / ? ( ) 3. Duty travel: ââ¬â ? 4. 5. 6. 7. : TVBS WTO , 8. : ? ?â⬠¦ Interview Skills Outlines Stereotype Self Intro Education Work Experience â⬠¢ Greetings â⬠¢ Manner â⬠¢ Characteristics â⬠¢ Nature â⬠¢ Professionalism Major + Activities + LearningPosition + Specialties Storytelling Quick Response B + F+ Q + E Ambition for the position : What is Cabin Crew? Main Accountabilities: â⬠¢ You will be responsible for ensuring the safety of our guests as well as providing excellent customer service at all times. â⬠¢ inspiring our guests â⬠¢ displaying a high degree of motivation â⬠¢ enthusiasm and commitment in everything you do. What CI is doing? Green Energy Aircraft Weight Reduction Ground Repair & Service Maintenance Management : What CI is doing? China Southern, China Eastern, Xiamen Airlines and China Airlines Form â⬠Greater China Connectionâ⬠PartnershipOn January 3, 2013, China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Xiamen Airlines and China Airlines jointly launched the â⬠Greater China Connectionâ⬠program. The four SkyTeam member airlines in the Greater China region will share resources to establish a common set of CrossStrait membership services. The scope of the â⬠Greater China Connectionâ⬠program extends across more than 41 airports and more than 270 Cross-Strait flights a week. In other words, one in every two China-Taiwan flights is provided by a member of â⬠Greater China Connection. ââ¬Ë With more than 280 China/Taiwan-Hong Kong flights and nearly 25,000 China domestic flights a week, â⬠Greater China Connectionâ⬠provides travelers with a more extensive network, more frequent flights, greater value and more convenient services. S kyTeam: Air France Korean Air KLM â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. : Q:à Whatà doà youà thinkà ofà us? When I get to know that China Airlines becomes the first Taiwanese airline to join SkyTeam and cements the allianceââ¬â¢s #1 position in the Greater China region. I feel honored being a Taiwanese. As I am aware of, there are Star Alliance, One World and SkyTeam partnership, non of irliners from Taiwan is able to be part of the member. By putting so much effort that people donââ¬â¢t know, we China Airline has came to the 1st airline joining team. It shows the identity of hub of Taiwan. Also, the ââ¬ËPlum Blossomââ¬â¢ promoting China Airlinesââ¬â¢ corporate identity and presenting how blossom our crew could be every day when having guests on boardâ⬠¦.. : Blood Type Parentsââ¬â¢ Occupation Zodiac Sign Trick Trick ââ¬â Stereotype Where you come from 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Capricorn (12. 21-01. 20) Aquarius (01. 21-02. 19) Pisces (02. 20-03. 20) Aries ( 03. 21-04. 19) Taurus (04. 20-05. 20) Gemini (05. 21-06. 21) Cancer (6. 22-07. 22) Leo (07. 23-08. 22) Virgo (08. 23-09. 22) Libra (09. 23-10. 23) Scorpio (10. 24-11. 21) Sagittarius (11. 22-12. 20) Zodiacà Sign In-class practice stereotype ?Example 1? A1: Hello, how are you today? Welcome to our interview. Please introduce yourself in 3 minutes. B1: I would be very glad to do so. My name is _____. Itââ¬â¢s a special name which means________. I come from a ordinary and simple family so that I get intimate with classmates better than with families. I fit to live in groups instead of loneliness.A2: Are your parents nine-to-fivers? B2: Yes, they are nine-to-fivers who go to work early and come home late. A3: Do your parents support you to join this interview? B3: Sure! My family thinks this is a long-term career and hopes that I can hold this chance to bring myself into this field. A4: Do you live in Taipei? How will you come to work if we hire you? How long does it take yo u on transportation? B4: I donââ¬â¢t live in Taipei. Itââ¬â¢s no problem with me to be on time! I can drive. If parking is inconvenient, I would go out earlier to match up my duty. : In-class practice ?Example 2? BufferA1: Please describe yourself by using 3 words. B1: It canââ¬â¢t come to my mind immediately. But I think I can introduce myself by a phrase sentence that is ââ¬Å"work smartâ⬠. I am particular about efficiency. Most social freshmen canââ¬â¢t grasp the right point; they often make mistakes and re-do it. Therefore, they easily make things delay behind the progress. stereotype A2: Thatââ¬â¢s right. Where do you live? B2: I live in HsinDen where is located in south of Taipei and near Wulai. Wulai is very beautiful. Many people go hot springs and hiking on holidays. A3: But itââ¬â¢s quite far from your place to the office. How will you come to work?B3: Since high-speed way completed, people who live in HsinDen and Mucha usually go to work by either MRT or driving. I have the driving license / driverââ¬â¢s license and MRT card. Distance is not an issue as long as I am capable to manage my time well. A4: What do you think that you canââ¬â¢t work from nine-to-five? B4: I think it canââ¬â¢t be a nine-to-five job in aviation industry. Because we need to cooperate with airport operation and flight schedule, I understood. : In-class practice ?Example 3? stereotype A1: Talk about your family. B1: Iââ¬â¢m very happy to. I come from an academic-oriented family.My parents are teachers who are very conscientious and well-disciplined. They say ââ¬Å"to be strict with ourselves and lenient towards othersâ⬠which is reasonable to me. A2: Have you ever talked about your willingness to your family? B2: Yes. My mother agreed, but my father was worried. Finally my decision is the decision. fact A3: Are you living with your family? B3: No, I rent a place with roommates. I wasnââ¬â¢t used to it in the beginning because we ne ed to clean up the toilet and garbage by turns. But now, I am used to living independently and sharing housework. It makes me become more independent and matured.A3: Do you worry that you will keep away from your family & friends at a distance? B3: Yes, it maybe is true. But you know that true affection wonââ¬â¢t be changed because of distance. We have e-mails and cell phones. Nowadays, the communication system is so convenient that the whole world is just like a ââ¬Å"global villageâ⬠!! I am not worried about it at all. : In-class practice stereotype ?Example 4? A1: Please briefly introduce yourself. B1: Sure. I come from south of Taiwan. I am diligent, patient and can adapt to the environment better than ones from north. A2: Thatââ¬â¢s right. Will your accommodation be a problem to you?B2: I have to say I need some time to set up housing, but 1 week is enough! A3: You seem very confident! However, the salary we can provide in the beginning wonââ¬â¢t be high. Could you accept it? B3: Normally, people always expect to have higher salary. I am not exceptional. I understand that we will have a great deal of training courses so that the salary wonââ¬â¢t be high in the initial stage. A4: OK. Could you turn around right here? B4: Sure. Is this ok? If needed, I can do it again. ?: : ~ ~ :so that :instead of Ving / N. :match up : Since + , S+ /. â⬠¢ â⬠¦ â⬠¦:eitherâ⬠¦orâ⬠¦ â⬠¢ , : as long as + . â⬠¢ S + used to + V: , ;? ( )? ; : â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ !! be + used to +Ving â⬠¢ :to keep someone at a distance â⬠¢ :adapt to : â⬠¢ :a large number / a great quantity / a great deal (of) / a world of ? ? ? ? ? Now, your show timeâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 60ââ¬â¢s ââ¬â Greeting with your interviewers. ââ¬â Your name? ââ¬â Your age? ââ¬â School level / major? ââ¬â Work experience? ââ¬â Why do you think know about China Airline? ââ¬â Reasons for being a flight attendant ? ââ¬â What is your contribution? ââ¬â Saying Thank You. :Your blood type is ââ¬Å"O. ââ¬Å"Some says this type means people is very stubborn and objective. What do you think? Buffer & Stereotype Actually,à Ià haveà heardà andà gotà thisà questionà quiteà oftenà whenà peopleà getsà toà knowà myà bloodà typeà isà ââ¬Å"Oâ⬠. Turning Ià hadà toà admità thatà weà areà somehowà stubbornà andà objectiveà Point thanà theà rest. However,à inà steadà ofà sayingà weà areà likeà that,à Ià wouldà putà inà thisà wayà byà sayingà weà areà devotingà andà insistingà inà doingà thingsà whichà areà supposedà toà beà doneà inà aà rightà way. Forà example,à asà aà employer,à Ià believeà thatââ¬â¢sà noà short? cutà whenà doingà work,à notà toà mentionà inà theà serviceà industry.Ià believeà thatà weà shouldà provideà servicesà toà customers/passengersà upà toà standardà asà howà weà areà trainedà noà matterà thereââ¬â¢sà someoneà checkingà behindà us. Thatââ¬â¢sà howà Ià amà goingà toà devoteà myselfà whenà flyingà withà ourà bigà family. : â⬠¢ Q: Please introduce yourself in 1 minutes. â⬠¢ Q: What are the three major elements from a successful flight attendant? â⬠¢ Have you ever fly w/ us? And your impression? â⬠¢ If one of the PAX touches your hand, what would you do? : ? ? * www. airjob. com. tw * [emailà protected] com. tw We Welcome You to Our Workshopâ⬠¦ : theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-27250193824688501232020-01-08T23:35:00.001-08:002020-01-08T23:35:04.684-08:00Briefly Outline the Distinctive Features of the... Sociology is the systematic, sceptical and critical study of the way that people do things together .Itââ¬â¢s not a science that simply lists facts and figures about society. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness, a way of thinking, a critical way of seeing the world. It welcomes you to challenge the obvious, to question the world as it is taken for granted and to de-familiarising the familiar. This is what empowers critical thinking which triggers the development of the understanding of the human life. The aim of this essay is to outline the sociological approach to understanding human life , to explore the different sociological perspectives , to question the reliability of the different forms of research and to emphasise the keyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He felt that ââ¬Å"The sociological imagination ââ¬Å" was a way of understanding that social outcomes are shaped by social context. He claims that some things in society lead to certain outcomes. ââ¬Å"when a s ociety becomes industrialised , a peasant becomes a worker . ââ¬Å" Therefore the things we do are shaped by the situation we are in, the values we have. I believe that all three approaches differ but where they all overlap is in their belief that a person must be able to pull away from the situation and to think from an alternative point of view. To acquire real knowledge is to go against the status quo. 1. ââ¬ËThe first wisdom of sociology is this: things are not what they seem (sociology global intro p.5) 2. C.Wright Mills.1959. ââ¬ËThe promiseââ¬â¢ in The Sociological Imagination New York: 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Wright_Mills 4. Macionis, 5th edition , chapter 1 5. Berger, Peter Invitation to sociology . New York , 1963 With regards to perspectives in understanding human life there are two which are prominent. The first is the functional perspective, this recognises that our lives are guided by social structures. It therefore organises sociological observation by identifying various structures of society and investigating the function of each one. This is a building block for theories that see society as a complex system whose parts work theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-78372947310557188922019-12-31T19:59:00.001-08:002019-12-31T19:59:04.206-08:00Gun Violence On The United States - 1418 Words According to CNN, ââ¬Å"close to 33,000 Americans were victims of gun-related deaths in 2011 and an average of 268 citizens are shot every dayâ⬠. Thousands of children and women are the victim of gun violence. Gun violence in the United States is increasing as each year passes by. Most of the time, poor people or low class people are the victim of gun violence. In the United States, by the law, a license is required to have a gun, but law informant agencies are failing to do that. Some people are carrying guns without a license, and use them to commit crimes, such as robberies and murdering innocent people. Some people argue that guns should be limited to only police officers and military, and citizens should not be allowed to carry guns. Theyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However, owning a gun is not the only way for an individual to defend himself. There are security systems, self-defense classes, and martial art classes. Purchasing a gun and believing it can protect someone is quite naà ¯ve. There are better approaches an individual can take to protect themselves. With purchasing a gun, one must have a license to own and use it. Some people even commit a crime with license guns, so guns should not be allowed to citizen for any reason. There should be completely ban on gun sell. Gun control would reduce the rate of homicide and gun control would surely reduce crime. It will place qualifications for people who are eligible to have a gun. That would lead to less people having guns and only the more responsible people in the world owning guns. I believe this would reduce both crimes and deaths. In an article, ââ¬Å"The Facts That Neither Side Wants to Admit about Gun Controlâ⬠, by Justin King, acknowledges, ââ¬Å"Australia enacted its gun ban in 1996. Murders have basically run flat, seeing only a small spike after the ban and then returning almost immediately to preban numbersâ⬠(King). Gun control will help crime rates and homicide rates dr op. Guns are very powerful weapons and should not be in the hands of just anyone. If United States can have strict rules about the selling of guns, like other countries do then it will surely reduce crimes. Many theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-23449169337503202632019-12-23T15:46:00.001-08:002019-12-23T15:46:03.719-08:00Essay on Letter From Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther... Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. one of many great influential speakers wrote a life changing letter after being arrested for peacefully protesting African American rights. While sitting in jail Dr. King received a letter from clergymen questioning his motives and timings for being in Birmingham. In a response Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. writes a ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠vividly expressing physical and emotional purposes for his presence in Birmingham, AL. First, in the ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.ââ¬â¢s purpose is to show his fellow clergymen true imagery of how racism and segregation is affecting the citizens of Birmingham. Dr. King states, ââ¬Å"There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Martin Luther King Jr. expresses his views for obeying ââ¬Å"Justâ⬠laws, while disregarding ââ¬Å"Unjustâ⬠laws because of moral purposes. In the ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠Dr. King speaks on how he ââ¬Å"Urge people to obey laws,â⬠as well as ââ¬Å"urge them to disobey segregation ordinancesâ⬠. ââ¬Å"I agree with St. Augustine that ââ¬Å"an unjust law is no law at all.â⬠Dr. Kingââ¬â¢s reason for following certain laws and not others is because he believes there are two types of laws. Just laws are beneficial to all races and ââ¬Å"Is the man-made code that squares with the moral law or the Law of Godâ⬠, unjust laws neglects certain human races needs and personalities and ââ¬Å"Is not rooted in eternal law and natural law.â⬠Dr. King does not disapprove Supreme Court decisions, yet if it involves segregation he feels as though it ââ¬Å"Distorts the soul and damages the personality.â⬠Dr. King states, ââ¬Å"Segregation is not only politically, economically, and sociologically unsound, it is also morally wrong and sinful.â⬠At this point, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is past describing how segregation affects people, but is now saying how segregation for example affects the political system such as denying Negroes the right to vote. ââ¬Å"Throughout Alabama all sorts of devious methods are used to prevent Negroes from becoming registered voters.â⬠Negroes make up the majority population in the counties of Alabama ââ¬Å"Not a single Negro isShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr., ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠3011 Words à |à 13 Pages[Da te] Martin Luther king Jr., ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠Outline 1. Introduction i) Argument about ââ¬Å"Justice and injusticeâ⬠ii) Religious appeals in Kingââ¬â¢s latter iii) Paragraph fourteen of Kingââ¬â¢s latter 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion Introduction The pressure of racial segregation was reaching a boiling point in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. After being arrested for his part in the Birmingham Campaign, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an open letter in responseRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr : Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay1678 Words à |à 7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail Hao Ran Hu SUNY Broome Hao Ran Hu Global History Professor St.Clair 2016 Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail One of the interesting Documents in World History is the ââ¬ËLetter from Birmingham Jailââ¬â¢ by Martin Luther King Jr who was born as Michael King in 1929 in Atlanta. His parents were partRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr.1259 Words à |à 6 PagesLetter from Birmingham Response The Letter from Birmingham jail was written on April 16th, 1963 by Martin Luther King jr. Martin was a prominent leader and protester in the fight against racism. King was put in jail for protesting in the streets without a permit and that is where he read the letter. The letter was written as response to the Letter from the Eight Clergymen. Their letter called for the end of the peaceful protests which were lead by King and his supporters. During the time the letterRead MoreThe Letter From Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr.990 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King Jr. is written to the injustices of the African Americans by the white man supremacy, and to address the direct actions African Americans were making to change the peopleââ¬â¢s perspective. The books that have been read in this class reflect the same injustices that Martin Luther King Jr is addressing in his letter. The main point of this letter is to address the direct actio n being taken by the African Americans and how they sacrificing everythingRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1683 Words à |à 7 PagesIn ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠, Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a response to clergymen defending his actions that placed him in a jail in Birmingham, Alabama. King did not respond to all the criticism that crossed his desk, but this time King felt he was compelled to respond. This obligation King felt was due in part to men with good will and intentions stating that his actions were ââ¬Å"unwise and untimelyâ⬠(Pg. 835). Kingââ¬â¢s purpose in writing ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠was to defend the strategyRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1211 Words à |à 5 PagesA Letterââ¬â¢s Purpose In ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠by Martin Luther King Jr. writes specifically to southern clergy men but also expands to anyone who opposes the civil rights movement. He informs his audience about the purpose of the civil rights movement and its importance to black and white people in terms of living as equals in a more peaceful society. King urges the public to understand the purpose of peaceful protests and the civil rights movement. He also wants people to understand the hardshipsRead MoreLetter from Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr. Essay938 Words à |à 4 Pages Is it not ironic that Martin Luther King Jr. s, ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠, which testifies to his struggle for Civil Rights; not only contradicts the time Martin Luther King wrote it in, but also echoes the same sentiments of todayââ¬â¢s moral causes and laws? . Dr. King (*) then known as Baptist minister Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the Letter to Birmingham in response to his fellow clergymenââ¬â¢s criticisms of him being locked up for his actions in Birminghamââ¬â¢s Civil Rights protest. The letterââ¬â¢sRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From A Birmingham Jail1157 Words à |à 5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.ââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jailâ⬠is directed towards the clergymen, although America is his audience, King had come to Birmingham to address the segregation problem in the United States. He refuses to stay silent, even though people told him to wait for the change to happen. King is a part of the Southern Christian Leadersh ip Conference that has many organizations across the South. He felt that he has a right to be in Birmingham because his organizations have connections withRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1004 Words à |à 5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jrââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Letter from Birmingham Jailâ⬠was written during 1963, when African Americans were fighting for black and white equality. During the civil rights movement Martin Luther King Jr fought triumphantly for African Americans and their freedom. He was often subjected to imprisonment from those who opposed the purpose of the civil rights movement. Martin Luther king Jr took a lot of time to write and document his thoughts about how his people were being treated. ââ¬Å"Letter to Birminghamâ⬠Read MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1666 Words à |à 7 PagesA Letter from Birmingham Jail was written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on scraps of paper in response to a public statement of his efforts being seen as extreme issued by eight clergymen, while incarcerated in Birmingham. In response to the statement King makes a claim of Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.â⬠Kings claim of ââ¬Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.â⬠Is supported throughout the entirety of his letter through the use of rhetoric devices such as Ethos theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-76097398357108509582019-12-15T12:16:00.001-08:002019-12-15T12:16:04.361-08:00Valuation Project Report Free Essays Valuation project report Valuation of the Incentive Stock Options for Procter Gamble Co. Name: Haining Jiang Company background: In this valuation project, I will analyze a company which is mature and I am interested in. The name of the company is Procter Gamble Co. We will write a custom essay sample on Valuation Project Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now the Procter Gamble Company, together with its subsidiaries, engages in the manufacture and sale of a range of branded consumer packaged goods. The company operates in five segments: Beauty, Grooming, Health Care, Fabric Care and Home Care, and Baby Care and Family Care. In the year of 1837, William Procter and James Gamble settled in the Queen City of the West, Cincinnati, and established themselves in business. As a result, a new company was born: Procter Gamble. Procter Gamble became into a listed company at a stock price and dividend which are $ 1. 7 and $ 0. 01 per month respectively in 19 Jan. 1970. For many years, P G keep following their purpose and social responsibility at every and every corner in the world: ââ¬Å"We will provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the worldââ¬â¢s consumers, now and for generations to come. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership sales, profit and value creation, allowing our people, our shareholders and the communities in which we live and work to prosper. â⬠Until now, P G has become the largest consumer packaged goods company in the world at $ 67. 17 of the share price and $ 0. 562 of dividend per month. Main contents: 1. Discounted dividend valuation The most basic model is the Gordon Growth Model, which prices the stock by the dividend and future growth of dividends. The formula would be like this: V0=D0 (1+g)(r-g)=D1r-g Where D0 is todayââ¬â¢s dividend, which would be $ 2. 21 in our case. r is the cost of capital, r will be calculated like: Assume : The market premium = 6%* The risk-free rate = 3%* Given number in the case: ? = 0. 27 So, r = 0. 03 + 0. 27 x 0. 06 = 4. 62% The best way to estimate g is: The term g can be viewed as the return on ownerââ¬â¢s equity times the earnings retention rate b. b = (1 ââ¬â dividend payout ratio) = 1 ââ¬â 58% = 42% return on equity = 14. 05% So, Sustainable growth rate = gs = 42% x 14. 05% = 5. 901% r g, so we may meet a big problem when using the V0 formula above. But, as far as we all know, it is not possible that the firm can grow faster than r forever. The high return will attract other investors into the market to compete and the firmââ¬â¢s rate will eventually fall. And, I determine the long-run growth rate of dividends, gL = 3%*. g r. Even if this data is not real in the true PG case, I think itââ¬â¢s will be fine to continue our model. V0=D0 (1+g)(r-g)= $ 2. 21x(1+0. 03)(0. 0462-0. 03)=$ 140. 51 1) Two-stage dividend growth When the P G is growing faster than r, one can use a multistage model, where the growth stages are broken into two parts. The first is the supernormal growth phase call gs , which is the rate that is higher than r. So we can assume: at the first period ( r g ): gS = 5. 901% (as we calculated above) n = 3*; At the second period ( r g ): r = 4. 62% (as we calculated above) gL = 3% (as we calculated above) D0 = $ 2. 21 (real data from PG) ; As we all know the formula is: V0 = t=1n[ Dt1+rt+ Vn(1+r)n] Vn= D01+ gsn(1+ gL)(r- gL) So, V3= 2. 21Ãâ"1+ 0. 0593(1+ 0. 03)(0. 0462- 0. 03) = $ 166. 88 V0 = 2. 21x(1+0. 059)1(1+0. 0462)1+ 2. 21x(1+0. 059)2(1+0. 0462)2+ 2. 21x(1+0. 059)3(1+0. 0462)3+ 166. 88(1+0. 0462)3 = $ 152. 27 2) Three-stage dividend growth We assume the P G company experienced a life-cycle with a three stages that are: an early, development stage with high growth, a maturing phase with moderate growth, and a declining phase with little, no, or negative growth. The current dividend of $ 2. 21 per share will not change. Dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 10%* for 2 years. Following that , the dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 8%* for 2 years. After the total 4 years, the dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 4%* per year, forever. The rate of return unchanged: 4. 2% (as calculated in 1. 1). We can break the calculation in to six steps: (1) Calculate the dividends for years 1 through 5: year| Dividend growth rate| Dividend| 1| 10%| 2. 431| 2| 10%| 2. 674| 3| 8%| 2. 888| 4| 8%| 3. 119| 5| 5%| 3. 275| (2) Calculate the present value of each of these dividends for years 1 through 5: Year| Dividend| Present value| 1| 2. 431| 2. 3236| 2| 2. 674| 2. 4430| 3| 2. 888| 2. 5220| 4| 3. 119| 2. 6035| 5| 3. 275| 2. 6130| (3) Calculate the present value of the dividends beyond year 4: P4= $ 3. 275(0. 0462-0. 04) = $ 528. 23 (4) Calculate the present value of the price at year 4: PVP4 = $ 528. 23(1+0. 0462)4 = $ 440. 92 (5) Calculate the sum of the present value of the dividends: PVdividends in year 1-4= t=110Dt(1+0. 0462)t = $ 12. 51 (6) Calculate the price today as the sum of the present value of dividends in years 1-4 and the price at the end of year 4: P0=$ 440. 92+$ 12. 51 = $ 453. 43 3) The uses of the dividend valuation models (1) The price-earnings ratio also known as the price-to-earnings ratio or PE ratio, is the ratio of the price per share to the earnings per share of a stock. Let us observe these data from PG firstly: ?| 2012| 2011| 2010| stock price| $66. 6| $64. 50| $60. 44| current earings per share| $3. 82| $4. 12| $4. 32| P/E ratio| 17. 37173| 15. 65534| 13. 99074| dividend payout ratio| 58%| 50%| 42%| If we take the DVM and divide both sides by earnings per share, we arrive at an equation for the price earnings ratio in terms of dividend payout, required rate of return, and growth: P0E0= Dividend payout ratio x (1+g)r-g We can conclude the information below according to the above formula: Increase in dividend payout rate will cause increase in P/E ratio, this point is also obviously in the table above, the data comes from the real PG case. Increase in r will cause decrease in P/E ratio Increase in growth rate will cause increase in P/E ratio. (2) we can also use the DVM to relate the price-book value ratio to factors such as the dividend payout ratio and the ROE. We assume the B0 indicate the current book value per share and ROE0 indicate the current return on book equity. As we all know: ROE0 = E0B0 , and P0=D0 (1+g)(r-g)=D1r-g ; So, we can get the formula easily below: P0=B0x ROE0 x D0E0x (1+g)(r-g) So we could get the conclusion through analyzing the above formula: increase in B0 will increase in P0; ncrease in ROE0 will increase in P0; increase in D0E0 will increase in P0; increase in g will increase in P0; increase in r will increase in P0; I believe there are plenty of other conclusions we can get from those formulas, I just mention some of them in my valuation report here. But in other words, we can fully use the DVM to find all the related fundamental factors to have further understanding through DVM. 4) What i f there no dividends? I think itââ¬â¢s acceptable and expectable if the PG isnââ¬â¢t paying dividends now, but chooses to reinvest its money. It is a sign that the dividends in the future will be even larger. Of course, I wonââ¬â¢t stick around with the company long enough to receive any of those dividends. But because of the growth of the company, I will realize that the eventual dividends will be even larger with the increasingly share price. After that, I can sell me shares to someone else to get my profit from it. Summary: ââ¬Å"Valuation is the process of determining what something is worth at a point in time. When we value investments, we want to estimate the future cash flows from these investments and then discount these to the present. This process is based on the reasoning that no one will pay more today for an investment than what they could expect to get from that investment on a time and risk adjusted basis. â⬠1 I think the paragraph I cited above not only give us the best conclusion of by valuation project report, but also tell us a definitely reason we study finance. Please Note: If the number followed a * behind it, it means this number is assumed and the others without * are all real data from PG company finance report. 1: cited from the ââ¬Å"Dividend Valuation Modelsâ⬠, by Pamela Peterson Drake, Ph. D. , CFA. How to cite Valuation Project Report, Essay examples theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-20952173663137966582019-12-07T08:59:00.001-08:002019-12-07T08:59:04.369-08:00Legal System of the UK-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp Question: You are working in a law firm advising new start-up companies on the legal system and key legislation that they are required to know and apply. You have been asked to produce a handbook for new companies in order to support your business advice and guidance. Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurs required evaluating and understanding the legal system which applies to the company since it assists them in complying with necessary legal requirements and taking right business decisions. This report will evaluate the legal system of the United Kingdom by overseeing different laws that are necessary to comply by new start-ups. Further, the report will analyse the potential implications of law on businesses and the governments role in the law-making process. UK Legal System Explanation The UK is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. The country has an unwritten constitution, and there is no single written document which provides the rights that citizens have and how the government should act. There are a variety of sources which comprised as the constitution, some of which are written whereas others are unwritten (Ward, 2011). The doctrine of judicial precedents is a unique feature in the legal system of the UK whereby the decision taken by the courts are binding as a source of law over the future judicial decision. The crown court handles all criminal cases after they are appealed from magistrate court. However, the magistrate court has the right to entertain both civil and criminal cases. County court is the first level of civil cases, and it cannot be passed to magistrate court. For criminal cases, magistrate court is the first level. The parties have right to appeal against the judgement of both County and Magistrate court in Supreme Court which is the last supreme power in the country (Ingman, 2011). The Supreme Court has the authority to give punishment like combining two punishments. The laws are necessary to comply by organisations include company law, employment law, National Minimum Wage act 1998, English contract law, and others. Overview of UKs Sources of Law There are three key sources of the UK law which include common law, legislation, and the European Union law. Legislation laws are referred to the acts that are created by a legislature, and the Acts of Parliament are defined as the most significant pieces of legislation. The UK Parliament is situated in London, and it passes laws that implement in the UK. The Parliament consists of the House of Lords in which the number of members is not fixed (currently 792 sitting lords) and the House of Commons in which 650 members sits. The legal system that applies in Wales and England is a common law one, therefore, the judgment of senior appellate courts becomes a part of the law (Armour, et al., 2009). The country is a member of the European Union (EU); therefore, it has to comply with the EU law, and it takes precedence over nations law. Explaining the Governments Role in Law-making The government plays a key role in law-making since it introduces great majority of Acts of Parliaments. The government performs different activities or functions during different steps of the law-making procedure. Firstly, the executive branches of government develop a draft of the law which is known as a public bill, and the main function of parliament is the review, amend and pass such bill to create a new law (Mahalatchimy, et al., 2012). The draft presented by the government includes proposed law and its impact on the society. Only few bills become law. The procedure for passing a bill starts from presenting of the bill in either the House of Lords or the House of Commons. The first reading of the bill is just a formality in both houses. In second reading of the bill, a government minister read and presents that bill in front of the House of Commons. The opposition and other parties present their views. Generally, the opposition opposes the bill, but it almost always progresses to the Committee stage. The committee further examines and amend the bill, and it reports the debates and amendments to the House. In third reading, members of the House vote whether the bill should be accepted or rejected. Further, the government plays a crucial role in Delegated Legislation in which the parliament delegates the power of law-making to the government. This legislation is subject to strict limitations, and it can only use for regulating issues of administrative nature. There are three key types of Delegated Legislations. In order in council, the government made law during an emergency. In the Statutory instrument, the government ministers create new regulation, and the local and national authorities create Bye-laws. Key Legislations for Start-ups While starting up a new business, founders have to decide the legal status of the company as it influences the way a business is operated and it affects the way it pays taxes and record accounts. Firstly, entrepreneurs have to decide the legal structure of business. There are three key types of legal structure of a business, sole trader, limited company and partnership. For limited companies, founders have to register with Companies House (Gov.UK, 2018). As per the legal system in the UK, the name of the company must be displayed at the register offer and its literatures. The founders register a company and select a unique name in order to start its operations. The members and the company are separate entities and members cannot be held liable for companys debts. For example, as provided in the Salomon v A Salomon and Co Ltd (1897) AC 22 case, the founders and the company has separate legal entity (Goulding, 2013). Entrepreneurs have different responsibilities based on the types of their business, and they have to check the requirement of licences or permits and insurance. For example, entrepreneurs who are establishing a business in hospitality or catering industry such as restaurant or pub required a licence to work. The business that relies on licence for its income, start-ups are required to take business insurance that protects them in the event of a loss. Start-ups have to comply with different employment and contract laws in order to smoothly operate in the UK. For example, as per employment law in the UK, any business that employs staff is required to take an employers liability insurance with a cover level of 5 million. Another example is provided in British Gas Trading Ltd v Lock Anor (2016) EWCA Civ 983 case in which the court held that Working Time Regulations 1998 can be interpreted for including results-based commissions (Employment Cases Update, 2016). Potential Implications of Law Copyright Law: With the growing number of start-ups, the growth in protection for intellectual property has grown as well. The UK Copyright Service protects the slogans, creative work, logos and designs of businesses from copying or infringement. Start-ups are required to carefully comply with the UK Copyright law to avoid legal issue. For example, in Temple Island Collections Ltd v New English Teas Ltd (2012) EWPCC 1 case, the court held that reproduction of substantial part of claimants artistic work is considered as an infringement of copyright act (Harms, 2013). Employment Law: Start-ups are required to comply with various regulations relating to employment law such as providing safe and healthy workplace environment, appropriate leave policies, compliance with minimum wage act, equality act and others. For example, in The Government Legal Service v Brookes (2017) UKEAT 0302/16/2803/RN case, the court held that as per Equality Act 2010, indirect discrimination is illegal and corporations cannot discriminate between candidates for recruitment based on their disability (Employment Cases Update, 2017). Contract Law: Start-ups have to comply with provisions of the English contract law when they entered into a legal agreement with customers, suppliers, investors or other entities. Due to the implication of contract law, the companies have to ensure that they fulfil all the terms of a contract because non-compliance can lead to legal consequences. For example, in Marks Spencer PLC v BNP Paribas SSTC Ltd (2015) UKSC 72 the judgment was given by the Supreme Court which provided that a contract should not be treated as authoritative guidance instead it should be treated as inspired discussion (Havelock, 2016). The case proves that Start-ups should carefully fulfil the terms of a contract to avoid legal implications. Conclusion In conclusion, the report discussed the legal system of the UK and analysed it sources of law which include legislation, common law and EU law. Start-ups are required to comply with different laws while operating their business in the United Kingdom, such as employment law, contract law, copyright law and other, in order ensures that they smoothly operate their business and sustain their growth. References Armour, J., Black, B., Cheffins, B. and Nolan, R., 2009. Private enforcement of corporate law: an empirical comparison of the United Kingdom and the United States.Journal of Empirical Legal Studies,6(4), pp.687-722. Employment Cases Update. (2016) British Gas Trading Ltd v Lock Anor [2016] EWCA Civ 983. [Online] Employment Cases Update. Available at: https://www.employmentcasesupdate.co.uk/site.aspx?i=ed32307 [Accessed 6 March 2018]. Employment Cases Update. (2017) The Government Legal Service v Brookes UKEAT/0302/16/RN. [Online] Employment Cases Update. Available at: https://www.employmentcasesupdate.co.uk/site.aspx?i=ed35360 [Accessed 6 March 2018]. Goulding, S., 2013.Principles of company law. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Gov.UK. (2018) Set up a business. [Online] Gov.UK. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/set-up-business [Accessed 6 March 2018]. Harms, L.T., 2013. " Originality" and" reproduction" in copyright law with special reference to photographs.PER: Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad,16(5), pp.01-28. Havelock, R., 2016. Return to Tradition in Contractual Interpretation.King's Law Journal,27(2), pp.188-213. Ingman, T., 2011.The English legal process. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Mahalatchimy, A., Rial?Sebbag, E., Tournay, V. and Faulkner, A., 2012. The legal landscape for advanced therapies: material and institutional implementation of European Union rules in France and the United Kingdom.Journal of law and society,39(1), pp.131-149. Ward, R., 2011.Walker Walker's English legal system. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-31340508430999195852019-11-29T20:41:00.001-08:002019-11-29T20:41:03.922-08:00The Problem Of Language In All Quiet On The Western Front Essays The Problem of Language in "All Quiet on the Western Front" German Literature The Problem of Language in "All Quiet on the Western Front" For it is no easy undertaking, I say, to describe the bottom of the Universe; nor is it for tongues that only babble child's play. (The Inferno, XXXII, 7-9.) Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque's protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons--parents, elders, school, religion--that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer's realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not understand the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does understand the truth as Baumer has experienced it. Remarque demonstrates Baumer's disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer's pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed. Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents, too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one's parents were ready with the word 'coward'" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Remembering those days, Baumer asserts that, as a result of his war experiences, he has learned how shallow the use of these words was. Indeed, early in his enlistment, Baumer comprehends that although authority figures taught that duty to one's country is the greatest thing, we already knew that death-throes are stronger. But for all that, we were no mutineers, no deserters, no cowards--they were very free with these expressions. We loved our country as much as they; we went courageously into every action; but also we distinguished the false from true, we had suddenly learned to see. (Remarque, All Quiet I. 17) What Baumer and his comrades have learned is that the words and expressions used by the pillars of society do not reflect the reality of war and of one's participation in it. As the novel progresses, Baumer himself uses words in a similarly false fashion. A number of instances of Baumer's own misuse of language occur during an important episode in the novel--a period of leave when he visits his home town. This leave is disastrous for Baumer because he realizes that he can not communicate with the people on the home front because of his military experiences and their limited, or nonexistent, understanding of the war. When he first enters his house, for example, Baumer is overwhelmed at being home. His joy and relief are such that he cannot speak; he can only weep (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 140). When he and his mother greet each other, he realizes immediately that he has nothing to say to her: "We say very little and I am thankful that she asks The Problem Of Language In All Quiet On The Western Front Essays The Problem of Language in "All Quiet on the Western Front" German Literature The Problem of Language in "All Quiet on the Western Front" For it is no easy undertaking, I say, to describe the bottom of the Universe; nor is it for tongues that only babble child's play. (The Inferno, XXXII, 7-9.) Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque's protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons--parents, elders, school, religion--that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer's realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not understand the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does understand the truth as Baumer has experienced it. Remarque demonstrates Baumer's disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer's pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed. Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents, too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one's parents were ready with the word 'coward'" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Remembering those days, Baumer asserts that, as a result of his war experiences, he has learned how shallow the use of these words was. Indeed, early in his enlistment, Baumer comprehends that although authority figures taught that duty to one's country is the greatest thing, we already knew that death-throes are stronger. But for all that, we were no mutineers, no deserters, no cowards--they were very free with these expressions. We loved our country as much as they; we went courageously into every action; but also we distinguished the false from true, we had suddenly learned to see. (Remarque, All Quiet I. 17) What Baumer and his comrades have learned is that the words and expressions used by the pillars of society do not reflect the reality of war and of one's participation in it. As the novel progresses, Baumer himself uses words in a similarly false fashion. A number of instances of Baumer's own misuse of language occur during an important episode in the novel--a period of leave when he visits his home town. This leave is disastrous for Baumer because he realizes that he can not communicate with the people on the home front because of his military experiences and their limited, or nonexistent, understanding of the war. When he first enters his house, for example, Baumer is overwhelmed at being home. His joy and relief are such that he cannot speak; he can only weep (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 140). When he and his mother greet each other, he realizes immediately that he has nothing to say to her: "We say very little and I am thankful that she asks The Problem Of Language In All Quiet On The Western Front Essays The Problem of Language in "All Quiet on the Western Front" German Literature The Problem of Language in "All Quiet on the Western Front" For it is no easy undertaking, I say, to describe the bottom of the Universe; nor is it for tongues that only babble child's play. (The Inferno, XXXII, 7-9.) Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque's protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons--parents, elders, school, religion--that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer's realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not understand the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does understand the truth as Baumer has experienced it. Remarque demonstrates Baumer's disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer's pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed. Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents, too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one's parents were ready with the word 'coward'" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Remembering those days, Baumer asserts that, as a result of his war experiences, he has learned how shallow the use of these words was. Indeed, early in his enlistment, Baumer comprehends that although authority figures taught that duty to one's country is the greatest thing, we already knew that death-throes are stronger. But for all that, we were no mutineers, no deserters, no cowards--they were very free with these expressions. We loved our country as much as they; we went courageously into every action; but also we distinguished the false from true, we had suddenly learned to see. (Remarque, All Quiet I. 17) What Baumer and his comrades have learned is that the words and expressions used by the pillars of society do not reflect the reality of war and of one's participation in it. As the novel progresses, Baumer himself uses words in a similarly false fashion. A number of instances of Baumer's own misuse of language occur during an important episode in the novel--a period of leave when he visits his home town. This leave is disastrous for Baumer because he realizes that he can not communicate with the people on the home front because of his military experiences and their limited, or nonexistent, understanding of the war. When he first enters his house, for example, Baumer is overwhelmed at being home. His joy and relief are such that he cannot speak; he can only weep (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 140). When he and his mother greet each other, he realizes immediately that he has nothing to say to her: "We say very little and I am thankful that she asks theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-56449170899085457522019-11-25T20:34:00.001-08:002019-11-25T20:34:03.083-08:00W. E. Duboise essaysW. E. Duboise essays During the time between 1877 and 1915, black Americans experiences many social and economic and political difficulties. Many African Americans supported the program of Booker T. Washington, the most prominent black leader of the late 19th and early 20th century, who counseled them to focus on modest economic goals and to accept temporary social discrimination. Others, led by the African-American intellectual W.E.B. Du Bois, wanted to challenge segregation through political action. Washington and Du Bois both have valid strategies; Washington believing that blacks could advance themselves faster through hard work than by demands for equal rights, Du Bois declaring that African Americans must speak out constantly against discrimination. During the 1870s, the principle of segregation by race extended into every area of Southern life, from railroads to restaurants, hotels, hospitals and schools. Any area of life that was not segregated by law was segregated by custom and practice. In 1873 the Supreme Court found that the Fourteenth Amendment (citizenship rights not to be abridged) conferred no new privileges or immunities to protect African Americans from state power. In 1883, furthermore, it ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not prevent individuals, as opposed to states, from practicing discrimination. And in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) the Court found that "separate but equal" public accommodations for African Americans, such as trains and restaurants, did not violate their rights. Cases such as there brought up new voices advocating civil equality, and the strategies by which they are achieved. One of these voices was that of Booker T. Washington, an educator and the most prominent black leader of his day. He grew up as a slave in Franklin County, Virginia, born to a white slave-holding father and a slave mother. In his famous Atlanta Compromise Address, Booker T. Washington used aphorism cast down your bucket"... theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-87200962442147546482019-11-22T03:58:00.001-08:002019-11-22T03:58:04.139-08:00Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8Project Management - Essay Example A formal project technique ought to outline the roles of each team member all through the project time. In project management, software is becoming increasingly important in order to assess the implementation and final success of a project. This paper will discuss how project management techniques can be used to improve the completion of projects, the role of start, finish times with respect to project completion time, and explain the role of software in project management. Project management techniques can help to improve the completion of the projects in that they can used to determine where change is needed and to help in integrating such changes into the project plans. Project management techniques help to evaluate all facets of administrative, technical, social and operational modifications based on the project prerequisites, in order to successful complete the project (Wysocki 324). Besides helping to identify such changes, the techniques help toprioritize the urgency and order of their implementation to maximize the project completion. Project analysis techniques are applied to recognize the essential and non-essential tasks and activities pertaining to a project thus increasing the chances of project completion by reducing unnecessary non-essential activities that could hamper the completion of the project on time (Wysocki 455). The analyses help to outline the most effective and efficient approach to implement the project. The project start and finish times are very critical since they help to plan and project costs and ensure successful completion of a project. Start and finish time characterize the duration each undertaking in the project requires in order to be accomplished. The time is dependent on the size and input required to accomplish various project activities. The project time, determined by the difference between the start and finish time, gives an outline to transform the inputs into outputs. theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-86663027036808747562019-11-20T20:05:00.001-08:002019-11-20T20:05:03.713-08:00Distinguishing Management and Leadership Competencies Term PaperDistinguishing Management and Leadership Competencies - Term Paper Example According to Meads (2006), health institutions in many parts of the world have introduced computerized self check-in systems for their outpatient customers whereby the patient reporting for check-up confirms and subsequently validates the correctness that the institution has on them. Meads (2006) further adds that self check-in can also be done manually in the developing countries incapable of introducing such computerized systems. In manual self check-in, the patient reporting for medical check-up writes down the required information such as name, sex, and age and them proceeds for check-up. The implementation of a self check-in system either computerized or manual requires specific management and leadership competencies. In laymans terms, competencies are skills and behaviors of an effective leader or manager. According to Laureate Education Inc (2012), "Leadership is all about creating change, and it involves establishing direction, aligning people toward that direction, and also establishing change through connecting with people" (p. 1). In regard to leadership competencies necessary for the implementation of a self check-in for appointments in outpatient setting, a leader ought to have the capacity or ability to ensure the creation of constructive relationships between all stakeholders (Zaleznik, 2004). Zaleznik (2004) also notes that he or she should also be able to offer support and collaborate with all stakeholders in the recognition of the problem, in this case long queues, and in creation of plans of action aimed at alleviating the problem, i.e. the implementat ion of self check-in systems for appointment of outpatients. To identify a problem, some of the skills necessary include listening skills, critical thinking, and persuasion skills. Implementation of change requires the leader to have specific competencies such as coordination skills, theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-78880469760818771732019-11-18T22:30:00.001-08:002019-11-18T22:30:04.553-08:00Design and Build Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsDesign and Build - Essay Example ostly cultural heritage issues and sustainability always come into conflict with the realities of economical survival for example cutting down of trees has prevailing pragmatic consideration. Saving trees can make a society to escape severe poverty which comes as a result of deforestation. When facing different parameters the solution would be to save trees but for the pedagogical process, deliberation and engagement with complex issues at work there were more important things than the specific outcome (Frances, 145). For decades architectural educators and practitioners have observed that there an increasing alarm in decreased significance of the architectural work. It is more acute on diminishing architectureââ¬â¢s power in cultural and social changes. Irreverence of our profession is at critical juncture and therefore schools of architecture must act quickly to the complex, divergent and varied social demands. The basic initiative believes that community dire economic predicament, traditional knowledge and community based practices offers a chance of chances of negotiating a better life. The process of undertaking design and build practices in a community based culturally and socially helps a student to understand how architecture operates and bring about change to the community (Frances, 210). In this students do real projects designing and in real communities which has the benefit of collaborative synthetic learning experiences from real building and working in poor community. Students participate in design and build as a piece of architecture and on completing they compelled to show their experience by evaluating their design in context of their real theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-18087547330993762042019-11-16T11:02:00.001-08:002019-11-16T11:02:13.535-08:00A Study of Job Stress in Call Centre EmployeesA Study of Job Stress in Call Centre Employees CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ââ¬Å"A STUDY OF JOB STRESS AMONG EMPLOYEES OF ACCENTURE CALL CENTRE IN BANGALOREâ⬠INTRODUCTION In all walks of life, people suffer from some degree of stress due to factors known and unknown. The causes may be the increasing complexity of modern living, insecurity in work environment, growing confusion regarding the future, etc. Stress may be lead to psychological, social and physiological disorders. Individuals need to learn ways and means of effectively copying with stress. The work place has become ever more demanding of our time and effort. With the increased efficiency and productivity brought to us by the computer and communication innovations of recent years, you would think that life would be easier. But we have been carried into an increasingly frantic work-day by the need to master ever more complicated technology; to be quicker, faster and more innovative; and to advance and make more money. There is less time for lunch, for leisure, for family. Even when we are away from the job, we can be reached or hooked into a weekend project by computer and the internet. With work demands more and more intrusive in our lives, we may experience subtle but progressive symptoms of physical and psychological stress. In todays world, stress has become a common phenomenon and it is so widespread that people and organizations should be concerned about how to manage it more effectively. Pressures to perform in a climate of rapid economic and technological change, especially in developing countries like India, cause stress. It is a fact that stress affects individual and organizational productivity and strategies to cope with stress requires greater attention. ââ¬Å"Everybody talks about what stress is, but nobody knows what it isâ⬠What is Stress? Stress refers to physiological, psychological behavioral reactions to events appraised as threatening or exceeding ones level of coping responses and options. DYNAMICS OF WORK STRESS: An important part of ones life is that there are various causes that lead to a great deal of stress in ones job or work. Work related stress is of growing concern because it has significant impact on the productivity of the employees, resulting in economic implications for the organization. Work stress may be due to both ââ¬Ëon the job factors and extra-organizational factors. On the job factors are as follows: 1. Poor working conditions, workload monotony. 2. Role conflict and role ambiguity. 3. Lack of promotional opportunities, policies and job insecurity. 4. Poor relationships at work. 5. Poor organizational culture. Over above these, there are extra-organizational stressors that interact with ââ¬Ëon-the-job factors. These are family problems, personal problems and social problems. Stress can cause a disturbance in sleep, loss of appetite or libido. You might stay up all night worrying about the project thats due in two weeks. Food no longer tastes good, or it tastes too good and youre eating all the time and starting to gain weight. The total amount of stress emanating from theses sectors will depend on the tolerance limit of the person. 1. Euphoria on getting a new job: The persons appointment to a new job is accompanied by an euphoric feeling of excitement, enthusiasm, challenge and pride. Dysfunctional processes at this stage would include the depletion of energy reserves in coping and adapting to the new environment. 2. The full throttle stage: Gradually vague feelings of loss, fatigue and confusion may arise because of the rapid depletion of resources. Other symptoms include dissatisfaction; sleep disturbances and escapist tendencies such as overeating, drinking coffee/tea/alcohol, or even smoking. 3. The chronic symptoms stage: Fuel shortage could gradually lead to the development of chronic and more pronounced physiological symptoms. Chronic exhaustion, physical illness, anger and depression may overpower the person. 4. The crisis stage: As the symptoms persist the person enters the crisis stage. He develops as escapist attitude and feels oppressed. Chronic backaches, headaches, high blood pressure, insomnia and even peptic ulcers and asthma develop. 5. Hitting the wall stage: No person can continue under strain for too long as ones energy resources are not infinite. Under the pressure of constant stress couples with the physical and mental effects, one may reach the end of ones professional career. In other words, burn Out Stress Syndrome (ROSS) may occur. At the other extreme, i.e., under conditions of extreme stress, Rust out Stress Syndrome (ROSS) may be seen. This is most likely to occur when the gap between ones capabilities and environmental demands becomes too wide. Reactions or effects of excessive work stress take an exacerbated form in some occupations. In service oriented jobs, or for instance, in which one is forced to constantly engage in interpersonal dealings (which are referred to as people oriented jobs) a stage is reached when one starts feeling that enough is enough, the job has become impossible. This stage is called burnout and can be likened to the burnout of an electric bulb, which has had to glow constantly over an extended period of time. In much the same way, when an individual is forced to ââ¬Å"put on a smileâ⬠, in other words to ââ¬Å"glowâ⬠constantly, the eventuality can be burnout. People working in customer-oriented services such as call centers, are more prone to such burnout effects. The chief cause of burnout is unrelieved work stress which results in emotional and / or physical exhaustion, lowered job productivity and increased dissatisfaction and pessimism at work.The utility industry has undergone a ma ssive transformation over the past decade. Local markets have been deregulated, while at the same time local and regional firms are rapidly disappearing as ownership becomes more centralized. To date there has been far less attention given to the impact theses changes have had on workers in the utility industry. Far less is known about the workers who remain, their jobs, their working conditions, their joys, and their struggles. Given the tumultuous changes in the utility industry, theirs are not the same jobs that existed five or ten years ago. This paper focuses on one group of workers in the utility industry call center representatives. These are the women and men who assist residents and businesses in establishing or changing their utility service and troubleshooting problems that customers might have with their service, their billing, and a host of other issues. While perhaps less visible than the men and women who work on poles or read meters, call center representatives are an important part of the workforce in the utility industry. While there has been considerable research on customer service representatives in the telecommunications industry, [1] there has been virtually no research on call center representatives in the utility industry. Thus there is a need to know what causes stress to call center representatives and if their company helps them to overcome it. Turnover rates in call centers around the world are extremely high. Some facilities exceed 200 percent. Although there are a variety of reasons for employee turnover, call center managers must look to a major psychological factor called burnout. The conditions of the call center and the job of the TSR/CSR cause stress in call center reps. It is a fast-paced, high-stress job that can become very repetitive. Continuous repetition without change or the chance leads to boredom or anxiety. Without a release for these negative feelings, reps experience stress. INDUSTRY PROFILE CALL CENTER INDUSTRY Call Centers are defined as Operational Centers set up to utilize telecommunication and computer technologies to automate various high-volume inbound and outbound telephone activities and services. Inbound call centers are typically characterized as cost centers. Outbound call centers are generally characterized as profit centers. These days all call centers are becoming both inbound and outbound by taking advantage of blending technology and hence their characterization into one of the categories is becoming increasingly difficult. Most call centers successfully operational currently are fairly large and have some experience in the form of promoters having worked abroad or previous experience with such ventures or as subsidiaries of foreign companies. Call centers are typically mixed mode centers used for customer support and service. Two primary reasons why captive call centers are implemented are cost reduction and enhanced customer service. There are two kinds of technologies available for call centers Traditional EPABX based and Server based technology. Traditional EPABX based call center: Historically, call centers evolved from being a place with just telephone lines landing on agents desks. Then a PBX was added to distribute calls coming on common lines. Over time, Predictive Dialers, IVR systems and CTI were added to create a full-fledged call center. Server Based Call Center: A server based call center integrates all the components of a call center into server as software components. Server based call centers offer three main advantages. One dramatically lower cost. A server based call center costs far less. Standard hardware and software components rather than proprietary systems and the elimination of expensive and difficult due to the need for integrating proprietary systems from different vendors the total cost of ownership upto one fourth of the traditional architecture. Other advantages of server based call centers is, they provide in increasing the sale of operations. Most of the information delivery is moving towards the web and hence web integration becomes very important for providing good access to customers. The multimedia handling capability of server based systems will become crucial in the coming years as communication will be through rich ââ¬Å"Hypermediaâ⬠, which will seamlessly integrate video, voice and data. EQUIPMENT SIZING Both telecommunication and computer equipment must be sized appropriately to handle call loads projected for a call center. A certain number of incoming PSTN trunks will be required to handle a specific load. PBX/ACD and IVR units must have an appropriate number of network connections. Appropriate sizing of each of these components is essential for efficient call center implementation and operation. Server based call center architectures are generally non-blocking, hence the complexity is reduced to estimating the call load, which is used to derive the number of PSTN ports required. A general rule of thumb is that the ratio of PSTN ports to number of agents for effective agent utilization should be between 1.5 to 2. Telecommunication equipment is generally sized based on peak loads and desired performance levels. Various formulas and queuing algorithms are used to determine line and port configurations for incoming call center operations. Call Centers initially recruited employees with minimum educational qualification, with a good command over the English language. A basic graduation degree will no longer be enough to land a call center job. The slow down in securing customers for basic call centers is making existing call center operators move up the value chain by repositioning themselves as help desks. Several players are already gearing up to offer both services under the same roof. The transition from call center to help desk will also spur the demand for better qualified professionals, software engineers for instance, since a help desks basic function is to provide customers with quick solutions to specific problems. According to Harsh Manglik country managing director of Accenture India. ââ¬Å"A typical call centers is perceived to be made up of low end operators answering customer calls. But we are moving up the value chain to position the call center as a help desk for telecom and health care companiesâ⬠. India has traditionally been used by multinationals to offer help desk services. IBM out sources its support and helpdesk services to its facilities in Bangalore for its operating system OS2. Now independent companies are also getting into the act. He says ââ¬Å"Once you can convince the customer about the reliability of the telecom infrastructure and ensure that the leased lines will not go down, it is easier to get business. Most customers are aware there is trained manpower in India to offer theses servicesâ⬠. Today, about four percent of the total employment in US is in support services. Most companies are now looking at relocating their support service functions to places like India, which offers a cost advantage. To capture this business, existing call center operators will have to upgrade to help desks, which is where the money is. ââ¬Å"What prospects does India has to have become one the major source of customer service industry?â⬠With India emerging as call center capital of the CRM world, many MNCs and start-ups are setting operations here. The country has become an obvious choice of the industry as it provides a large pool of English speaking professionals who are also very passionate about making a career in the field of IT enabled services. India is well placed to handle back office fulfillment and Business process delivery systems in areas such as Internet-, HR- Accounting Services, Transaction Processing Services plus Customers Service. India has a large population of highly educated people, a well developed software and CTI Industry and a large unemployed workforce cost of labor is Computer Software Integrators with a proven track record in both software development, implementation application area. But Call Center business is not just plug and play. You need to have an excellent understanding of the industry. You have to deal in quality and there is no second chance. Words once said by the agent are gone. The level of skill and quality required is much higher when the agents have to sell a product or service to a remote customer. v The English spoken by Indians is a very heavy dialect. In 1981 when GE established The GE Answer Center in Louisville Kentucky, 3 months was spent researching which American dialect would best be suited for all Americans before the location was decided upon. So here were 20 years later and an average American are expected to understand Indian-English-quite a challenge to both the customers and the staff. v The non-existent Customer Service Culture in India will make training of reps mandatory and difficult, since such a luxury as service is not part of everyday life in India. v There is further need to improve infrastructure. The business culture and the mix of Government intervention will be a cultural shock for Western Business People with no previous experience. v Add to this a lack of a Call Center Industry and very few people with Call Center experience which makes it very hard to recruit Call Centre managers with a proven track record. It is predicted that the Indian Call Centre Boom will be short lived unless its based on Indian Joint Venture Partners with experience in handling both regulatory hurdles and ensuring that the necessary infrastructure is in place. When India develops its own Customer Service Culture and has de-regulated its Telecom sector, then may be well see a sustainable Call Center Industry to service the large Indian market place. The Projected Cost savings is best realized by joining up with Indian Company with a proven track record in IT project management. Beware of short term relationships offering ââ¬Å"a pie in the skyâ⬠. But the invisible factor that comes in the way of achieving the objectives of the Call Center Industry is the Stress Factor. There is a direct relationship between stress level and productivity. Particularly, stress in this industry is mainly because of its very nature of business. In the last couple of years India has become the leader din the Call Center Services industry. With nearly 66% of the worlds outsourcing and call center services business in India, its time to step back and access the pluses and minuses of this industry that has become the panacea for the Indian economy. Call Center Services offered by a majority of Indian companies are in the low-end of the value chain. The call center services industry essentially requires low value skills. The learning curve is low but slow. It does not require high qualification or degrees to get into call center companies. The compensation for such call center jobs is decent, compared to jobs for the same qualification in any other industry. This often results in mass complacency, where fresh graduates prefer to take up a call center job rather than study further or enter any core sector of specialization. Looking at the industry from a long-term perspective, India can do itself more harm than good if it does not move up the value chain. India would not like to repeat American follies. America in the 50s and 60s had high school graduates who could get good jobs and a decent paycheck. This generation was caught in a kind of time warp they are struggling to get out of even now a general acceptance of low education levels. In fact this is one of the many reasons that Asian countries have become the outstanding and call center havens for America and Europe. On the up-side, call center services have increased the availability of jobs for fresh graduates substantially. Now, a fresh graduates has more chance of getting a good paycheck than ever before. Engineering graduates prefer to join Call Center Services operations as transit jobs before opting for more technical jobs. This has made call center job retention a major issue for the HR department of call centers. Call Center Service operations have sprouted in India in cities like Gurgaon, Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi et. It has been a window of opportunity for young graduates who would have been busy hunting for a job, to head for entrance tests of a BPO outfit or call center. Call Centers have created jobs for India, theirs no doubt about that. Call Centers face a major problem though. Since call center operations do not require a stringent graduate education like an engineering degree or likewise, call centers find it extremely difficult to retain jobs. The HR department is hard at work to retain the people it has, after all, they would gladly shift for better salaries. Call Center Agents need to be continually motivated to avoid those days of frustration when the client shouts at them. Employees on the telephone talking to US destinations enact an American accent, which is often stressful to maintain. Added to this, the nightshifts and odd timings can get frustrating quite often. This is where the HR and their team can play an important role. They try to maintain a friendly and helping atmosphere in office. They often have displays with the latest news from America, so that if any client got chatty on the telephone, the call center representatives wont be in a fix. Very often an HR manager in a call center will have to contend with office romances and ask them to keep their cool. Besides trouble shooting personal problems, the HR has to handle many daily operations problems, both on a personal and group basis. Many think that working in a call center is a monotonous job and there is a school of thought, which believes that the growth options are very limited in this field. However, says one on the HR managers of call center, it is not correct to say that the call center jobs are monotonous, in fact they are as challenging and exciting as any other career option. There are some who believe that call center jobs are too stressful, as they require working in shifts, mostly at nights. However the companies say they do understand that working late nights can be a problem, especially for women employees. Therefore they not only provide transport facilities but also take care of snacks and other energy revitalizes. Usually call centers have five working days in a week, but if someone works during weekends, a suitable compensation is granted. To add more ââ¬Ëspice during night shifts, the companies provide an array of activities which include aerobic sessions, dart boards and mini basketball. They also have relaxation room where an expert can rejuvenate the employees by giving massages. While most ambitious youngsters see call center services temporary jobs, since starting salaries are often better than average engineering jobs and jobs hard to find, many prefer to enter the call center services market on a term basis but they pay a high price for that. This study concentrates on the Stress experienced by the agents or the representatives of call centers. The sources and effects of the stress are highlighted with a few recommendations to work on the same. STRESS IN CALL CENTERS Stress exists in every walk of life or work and call centers are no exception. Call Centers are stressful work environments. The demand of serving the customer in real-time helps to lay the foundation. Add to this, factor such as job repetition, potential job dissatisfaction, poor ergonomics or low pay and the stress level climbs higher. Many things cause stress. Time pressures, high expectations, lack of communication, high call volume, inexperience, ill prepared, to name a few. Call Centers are living and vibrant workplaces where the demands are high and the need to manage and reduce staff stress is paramount. Studies have shown that staff turnover is directly link to a staff persons ability to deal with Stress. If stress in the workplace (i.e. the call center) is not on the agenda the results of stress are revealed through higher absenteeism than other parts of the company, higher Workers Compensation claims and ultimately in reduced customer satisfaction. Raising the pay isnt necessarily the solution. There are many other creative means of managing stress in the call centers. This paper focuses on one group of workers in the utility industry call center representatives. These are the women and men who assist residents and businesses in establishing or changing their utility service and troubleshooting problems that customers might have with their service, their billing and a host of other issues. While perhaps less visible than the men and women who work on poles or read meters, call center representatives are an important part of the workforce in the utility industry. These representatives experience stress from a variety of factors, but particularly from the constant monitoring, pressure to work fast, and being disrespected by customers. This stress is leading to physical problems and emotional distress for employees, which ultimately hurts their work performance. The constant pressure to answer more calls with less people has given us the Age of the ââ¬Ëbattery call center. Long hours of work , permanent night shifts, incredibly high work targets, loss of identityâ⬠¦ are the dark clouds that threaten to mar the ââ¬Ësunshine call center industry in India? Irate customers who never seem to respect to the person helping them are hard to please even when the service is at its best. Especially American customers are known for using abusing words very frequently. The representatives who are Indian by birth find it very offensive. For them, it is difficult to be immune to those abusive words. Not finding time to spend with family members makes the respondents feel isolated, Also due to the time constraint they find it difficult to indulge in their extra curricular activities. These frustrations affect the quality of performance though the representatives are aware that their performance is monitored every minute. Many people, between 18 and 21 years, are seeking counseling. Today, most top executives acknowledge that a steady turnover of staff is an inevitable aspect of this industry. The reasons could be boredom, seeking better prospects or a change, or inadequate training for the job. Or the toll taken by this demanding job. High performance.Delivered. accenture COMPANY PROFILE Company Overview Accenture is a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company, committed to delivering innovation. Accenture: The Growth of a Global Leader Continuous innovation and rapid transformation have been themes throughout Accentures history. Initially called Andersen Consulting, Accenture was formally established in 1989 when a group of partners from the Consulting division of the various Arthur Andersen firms around the world formed a new organization focused on consulting and technology services related to managing large-scale systems integration and enhancing business processes. That same year Accenture formalized Business Integration, its framework for aligning a clients people, processes and technology in support of its overall strategy to enable all components of the client organization to work to enhance business performance. During its first 10 years, Accenture evolved from a systems integrator to a global management consulting and technology services company, providing the full range of consulting, outsourcing and related technology services. For instance, in 1991 Accenture began work on one of its first major outsourcing arrangements when the company started managing British Petroleum Explorations accounting, finance and support functions from a special center that it established in Aberdeen, Scotland. In 1994 the company established the Accenture Technology Labsââ¬âthen known as Centers for Strategic Technologyââ¬âin Palo Alto, California, and Sophia Antipolis, France. As the technology RD organization within Accenture, the Accenture Technology Labs create a vision of how technology will shape the future and invent the next wave of cutting-edge business solutions. In fact, technological innovation is part of Accentures heritage, as the company traces its roots back to 1954 with the installation at General Electric of the first computer for business application. A New Name, A New Direction By 2000, Accenture had achieved more than a decade of tremendous growth, with net revenues exceeding US$9.5 billion and more than 75,000 professionals in 47 countries delivering to clients a broad range of consulting, technology and outsourcing services and solutions. On Jan. 1, 2001, the company changed its name to Accenture (from Andersen Consulting) as the result of an arbitrators decision in August 2000 that severed the contractual ties between Accenture and Andersen Worldwide Society Cooperative (AWSC). Accenture then launched one of the largest and most successful re-branding campaigns in corporate history. The new name reinforced Accentures new positioning and reflected the organizations further growth and broadened set of capabilities. By 2001, it became apparent to Accentures partners that maintaining the organizations existing structureââ¬âsince its inception in 1989, Accenture had operated as a group of locally owned independent partnerships or other entities in more than 40 countriesââ¬âwould limit the companys ability to continue its growth. Therefore, the partners decided to transition to corporate form, enabling Accenture to build and acquire the necessary capital to remain competitive and fuel its growth. In April 2001, Accentures partners voted overwhelmingly to pursue an initial public offering, and Accenture became a public company on July 19, 2001, when it listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ACN. Today Accenture is a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company, identifying new business and technology trends and developing solutions to help clients around the world enter new markets, increase revenues in existing markets, improve operational performance, and deliver their products and services more effectively and efficiently. Company Description Accenture is a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing company, with net revenues of US$16.65 billion for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, 2006. Committed to delivering innovation, Accenture collaborates with its clients to help them become high-performance businesses and governments. Our ââ¬Å"high performance businessâ⬠strategy builds on our expertise in consulting, technology and outsourcing to help clients perform at the highest levels so they can create sustainable value for their customers and shareholders. Using our industry knowledge, service-offering expertise and technology capabilities, we identify new business and technology trends and develop solutions to help clients around the world: â⬠¢ Enter new markets. â⬠¢ Increase revenues in existing markets. â⬠¢ Improve operational performance. â⬠¢ Deliver their products and services more effectively and efficiently. We have extensive relationships with the worlds leading companies and governments and work with organizations of all sizesââ¬âincluding 87 of the Fortune Global 100 and nearly two-thirds of the Fortune Global 500. Our commitment to client satisfaction strengthens and extends our relationships. For example, 96 of our top 100 clients in fiscal year 2005 based on revenue, have been clients for at least five years, and 83 have been clients for at least 10 years. Among the many strengths that distinguish Accenture in the marketplace are our: â⬠¢ Extensive industry expertise. â⬠¢ Broad and evolving service offerings. â⬠¢ Expertise in business transformation outsourcing. â⬠¢ History of technology innovation and implementation, including our research and development capabilities, on which we spend approximately $250 million each year. â⬠¢ Commitment to the long-term development of our employees. â⬠¢ Proven and experienced management team. Our Core Values have shaped the culture and defined the character of our company, guiding how we behave and make decisions: â⬠¢ Stewardship: Building a heritage for future generations, acting with an owner mentality, developing people everywhere we are, and meeting our commitments to all internal and external stakeholders. â⬠¢ Best People: Attracting and developing the best talent for our business, stretching our people and developing a can do attitude. â⬠¢ Client Value Creation: Improving our clients business performance, creating long-term, win-win relationships and focusing on execution excellence. â⬠¢ One Global Network: Mobilizing the power of teaming to deliver consistently exceptional service to our clients anywhere in the world. â⬠¢ Respect for the Individual: Valuing diversity, ensuring an interesting and inclusive environment, and treating people as we would like to be treated ourselves. â⬠¢ Integrity: Inspiring trust by taking responsibility, acting ethically, and encouraging honest and open debate â⬠¢ By enhancing our consulting and outsourcing expertise with alliances and other capabilities, we help move clients forward in every part of their businesses, from strategic planning to day-to-day operations. With approximately 140,000 people in 48 countries, deep industry and business process expertise, broad global resources and a proven track record, Accenture can mobilize the right people, skills and technologies to help clients improve their performance. Accentures ability to help clients identify and leverage insight and innovations are key ingredients. Our deep industry expertise and insight, our theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3327022826000066075.post-542057291538133092019-11-13T23:33:00.001-08:002019-11-13T23:33:04.839-08:00marketing Essay -- essays research papers MARKETING CONCEPT: The broad definition of marketing describes it as the combination of all activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchange intended to satisfy human needs and wants. In this case, Kumar intends to market Swiftââ¬â¢s runner shoes to Bangladesh. For successful marketing of the product, Swift has to prepare a marketing plan which consists of various tools like the 4 Pââ¬â¢s of marketing, target marketing, segmentation, positioning etc. The promotional mix is also formulated which consists of advertising, direct selling, sales promotion etc which helps in the promotion of the product. à à à à à The marketing principle or concept : The central idea is the ââ¬Ëmatchingââ¬â¢ between a companyââ¬â¢s capabilities and the various wants of the consumers to achieve the objectives of both parties. (McDonald, 1999). It is also defined as the philosophy of doing business that emphasizes customer orientation and coordination of marketing activities in order to achieve the organizationââ¬â¢s goals. The management of the marketing mix consists of the various tools and techniques that are available to marketers in order to implement the marketing principle. The marketing planning process is basically explained as a systematic way, or a logical sequence of identifying a range of options, choosing few of them, scheduling them, setting the marketing objectives and the formulation of plans for achieving them. Marketing planning is very essential for the proper running or any organization considering the complex and hostile environment for the operating company. Each of the typical objectives that the firms set, such as maximizing factors like profit, return on investment, revenue and minimizing costs has their own special appeal to the different managers depending on the nature of their particular function. (Miller & Layton, 2000) THE 4 Pââ¬â¢S OF MARKETING : Marketing mix ââ¬â Defined as the combination of elements such as product, pricing structure, distribution system and promotional activities that are used to satisfy the needs of an organizationââ¬â¢s target market and accomplishing the firmââ¬â¢s objectives. When entering a foreign market, the company has the choice of pursuing basic marketing mix options such as: the mix remains unchanged, certain elements could be modified or a totally new mix can be formulated. (Keegan & Green, 1997) Thes... ...ntry ââ¬â Bangladesh. The report develops the marketing mix, describes the product relates to all the 4 Pââ¬â¢s of marketing. It also creates the promotional mix consisting of factors such as advertising, sales promotion, direct selling of the running shoes to the international market. Different marketing tools and concepts such as segmentation and positioning of the product have also been considered in this report. REFERENCES : Dommermuth, W.P. (1989) Promotion: Analysis, Creativity & Strategy (2nd ed.) PWS-KENT Publishing Company, Boston Keegan W.J. & Green, M.C (1997) Principles Of Global Marketing. Prentice Hall, New Jersey Kiel, G., Lusch, R.F., McColl-Kennedy, J.R. & Lusch, V.N. (1992) Marketing Concepts And Strategies (1st ed.) Thomas Nelson, South Melbourne. Lamont, D. (1996) Global Marketing (1st ed.) Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. McDonald, M. (1999) Marketing Plans: How To Prepare Them, How To Use Them. (4th ed.) Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford Miller & Layton (2000) Fundamentals Of Marketing (4th ed.) McGraw-Hill Company, Boston. Paliwoda, S.J & Thomas, M.J (1998) International Marketing (3rd ed.) Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford theresalane1979http://www.blogger.com/profile/14110164913141214272noreply@blogger.com0